virt-sparsify -
仮想マシンのディスクをスパースにします
virt-sparsify [--options] indisk outdisk
virt-sparsify [--options] --in-place disk
Virt-sparsify is a tool which can make a virtual machine disk (or any disk
image) sparse a.k.a. thin-provisioned. This means that free space within the
disk image can be converted back to free space on the host.
Virt-sparsify can locate and sparsify free space in most filesystems (eg.
ext2/3/4, btrfs, NTFS, etc.), and also in LVM physical volumes.
Virt-sparsify
はさまざまなディスクフォーマットを変換することができます。例えば、raw
ディスクイメージをシンプロビジョニングされた
qcow2
イメージに変換することができます。
Virt-sparsify can operate on any disk image, not just ones from virtual
machines. However if a virtual machine has multiple disks and uses volume
management, then virt-sparsify will work but not be very effective
(
http://bugzilla.redhat.com/887826).
If the input is raw, then the default output is raw sparse.
You must check
the output size using a tool that understands sparseness such as "du
-sh". It can make a huge difference:
$ ls -lh test1.img
-rw-rw-r--. 1 rjones rjones 100M Aug 8 08:08 test1.img
$ du -sh test1.img
3.6M test1.img
(見た目の容量
100M
と実際の容量
3.6M
を比較します)
- •
- The virtual machine must be shut down before using
this tool.
- •
- Virt-sparsify may require up to 2x the virtual size of the
source disk image (1 temporary copy + 1 destination image). This is in the
worst case and usually much less space is required.
If you are using the --in-place option, then large amounts of
temporary space are not required.
- •
- Virt-sparsify cannot resize disk images. To do that, use
virt-resize(1).
- •
- virt-sparsify
は暗号化されたディスクを処理できません。
libguestfs
は暗号化されたディスクをサポートしますが、暗号化されたディスク自体はスパース化できません。
- •
- Virt-sparsify cannot yet sparsify the space between
partitions. Note that this space is often used for critical items like
bootloaders so it's not really unused.
- •
- In copy mode, qcow2 internal snapshots are not copied over
to the destination image.
You may also want to read the manual pages for the associated tools
virt-filesystems(1) and
virt-df(1) before starting.
一般的な使用法は次のとおりです:
virt-sparsify indisk outdisk
which copies "indisk" to "outdisk", making the output
sparse. "outdisk" is created, or overwritten if it already exists.
The format of the input disk is detected (eg. qcow2) and the same format is
used for the output disk.
形式を変換するには
--convert
オプションを使用します:
virt-sparsify disk.raw --convert qcow2 disk.qcow2
Virt-sparsify tries to zero and sparsify free space on every filesystem it can
find within the source disk image. You can get it to ignore (don't zero free
space on) certain filesystems by doing:
virt-sparsify --ignore /dev/sda1 indisk outdisk
ディスクイメージにあるファイルシステムの一覧を取得するには
virt-filesystems(1)
を参照してください。
Since virt-sparsify ≥ 1.26, you can now sparsify a disk image in place by
doing:
virt-sparsify --in-place disk.img
- --help
- ヘルプを表示します。
-
--check-tmpdir ignore
-
--check-tmpdir continue
-
--check-tmpdir warn
-
--check-tmpdir fail
- Check if "TMPDIR" or --tmp directory has
enough space to complete the operation. This is just an estimate.
If the check indicates a problem, then you can either:
- •
-
ignore it,
- •
- print a warning and continue,
- •
-
warn and wait for the user to press the Return key
(this is the default), or:
- •
-
fail and exit.
You cannot use this option and
--in-place together.
- --colors
- --colours
- Use ANSI colour sequences to colourize messages. This is
the default when the output is a tty. If the output of the program is
redirected to a file, ANSI colour sequences are disabled unless you use
this option.
- --compress
- 出力ファイルを圧縮します。これは
出力形式が "qcow2"
の場合 のみ
機能します。
You cannot use this option and --in-place together.
-
--convert raw
-
--convert qcow2
-
--convert [other formats]
- Use "output-format" as the format for the
destination image. If this is not specified, then the input format is
used.
サポートされる既知の動作済み出力形式は次のとおりです:
"raw", "qcow2", "vdi"。
qemu-img(1)
プログラムによりサポートされるすべての形式を使用できます。たとえば、"vmdk"
ですが、他の形式のサポートは
QEMU に依存します。
Specifying the --convert option is usually a good idea, because then
virt-sparsify doesn't need to try to guess the input format.
出力形式を詳細に調整します。関連項目:
--compress, -o.
You cannot use this option and --in-place together.
- --echo-keys
- When prompting for keys and passphrases, virt-sparsify
normally turns echoing off so you cannot see what you are typing. If you
are not worried about Tempest attacks and there is no one else in the room
you can specify this flag to see what you are typing.
-
--format raw
-
--format qcow2
- Specify the format of the input disk image. If this flag is
not given then it is auto-detected from the image itself.
If working with untrusted raw-format guest disk images, you should ensure
the format is always specified.
-
--ignore filesystem
-
--ignore volgroup
- Ignore the named filesystem.
When not using --in-place: Free space on the filesystem will not be
zeroed, but existing blocks of zeroes will still be sparsified.
When using --in-place, the filesystem is ignored completely.
In the second form, this ignores the named volume group. Use the volume
group name without the /dev/ prefix, eg. --ignore vg_foo
このオプションは複数回指定できます。
- --in-place
- Do in-place sparsification instead of copying
sparsification. See "IN-PLACE SPARSIFICATION" below.
-
--key SELECTOR
- Specify a key for LUKS, to automatically open a LUKS device
when using the inspection. "ID" can be either the libguestfs
device name, or the UUID of the LUKS device.
-
--key "ID":key:KEY_STRING
- Use the specified "KEY_STRING" as
passphrase.
-
--key "ID":file:FILENAME
- Read the passphrase from FILENAME.
- --keys-from-stdin
- Read key or passphrase parameters from stdin. The default
is to try to read passphrases from the user by opening /dev/tty.
If there are multiple encrypted devices then you may need to supply multiple
keys on stdin, one per line.
- --machine-readable
-
--machine-readable=format
- このオプションは、他のプログラムにより解析されるときに、よりマシンに易しい出力を作成するために使用されます。以下の
"マシン可読な出力"
参照。
-
-o option[,option,...]
- Pass -o option(s) to the qemu-img(1) command
to fine-tune the output format. Options available depend on the output
format (see --convert) and the installed version of the qemu-img
program.
You should use -o at most once. To pass multiple options, separate
them with commas, eg:
virt-sparsify --convert qcow2 \
-o cluster_size=512,preallocation=metadata ...
You cannot use this option and --in-place together.
- -q
- --quiet
- This disables progress bars and other unnecessary
output.
-
--tmp block_device
-
--tmp dir
- In copying mode only, use the named device or directory as
the location of the temporary overlay (see also "TMPDIR" below).
If the parameter given is a block device, then the block device is written
to directly. Note this erases the existing contents of the block
device.
If the parameter is a directory, then this is the same as setting the
"TMPDIR" environment variable.
You cannot use this option and --in-place together.
-
--tmp prebuilt:file
- In copying mode only, the specialized option --tmp
prebuilt:file (where "prebuilt:" is a literal string) causes
virt-sparsify to use the qcow2 "file" as temporary space.
- •
- The file must be freshly formatted as qcow2, with
indisk as the backing file.
- •
- If you rerun virt-sparsify, you must recreate the
file before each run.
- •
- Virt-sparsify does not delete the file.
This option is used by oVirt which requires a specially formatted temporary
file.
- -v
- --verbose
- デバッグ用の冗長なメッセージを有効にします。
- -V
- --version
- バージョン番号を表示して、終了します。
- --wrap
- Wrap error, warning, and informative messages. This is the
default when the output is a tty. If the output of the program is
redirected to a file, wrapping is disabled unless you use this
option.
- -x
- libguestfs API
呼び出しのトレースを有効にします。
-
--zero
パーティション
-
--zero
論理ボリューム
- 仮想マシンにある名前付きパーティションまたは論理ボリュームの内容をゼロ上書きします。デバイスにあるすべてのデータは失われます。しかし、スパース化は素晴らしいことです！このオプションを複数回指定できます。
Since virt-sparsify ≥ 1.26, the tool is able to do in-place
sparsification (instead of copying from an input disk to an output disk). This
is more efficient. It is not able to recover quite as much space as copying
sparsification.
To use this mode, specify a disk image which will be modified in place:
virt-sparsify --in-place disk.img
Some options are not compatible with this mode:
--convert,
--compress and
-o because they require wholesale disk format
changes;
--check-tmpdir because large amounts of temporary space are
not required.
In-place sparsification works using discard (a.k.a trim or unmap) support.
The
--machine-readable option can be used to make the output more machine
friendly, which is useful when calling virt-sparsify from other programs, GUIs
etc.
このオプションを使用するには
2
通りの方法があります。
Firstly use the option on its own to query the capabilities of the virt-sparsify
binary. Typical output looks like this:
$ virt-sparsify --machine-readable
virt-sparsify
ntfs
btrfs
A list of features is printed, one per line, and the program exits with status
0.
Secondly use the option in conjunction with other options to make the regular
program output more machine friendly.
At the moment this means:
- 1.
- Progress bar messages can be parsed from stdout by looking
for this regular expression:
^[0-9]+/[0-9]+$
- 2.
- The calling program should treat messages sent to stdout
(except for progress bar messages) as status messages. They can be logged
and/or displayed to the user.
- 3.
- The calling program should treat messages sent to stderr as
error messages. In addition, virt-sparsify exits with a non-zero status
code if there was a fatal error.
All versions of virt-sparsify have supported the
--machine-readable
option.
It is possible to specify a format string for controlling the output; see
"ADVANCED MACHINE READABLE OUTPUT" in
guestfs(3).
Windows 8 "fast startup" can prevent virt-sparsify from working. See
"WINDOWS HIBERNATION AND WINDOWS 8 FAST STARTUP" in
guestfs(3).
- TMPDIR
- Location of the temporary directory used for the
potentially large temporary overlay file.
In virt-sparsify ≥ 1.28, you can override this environment variable
using the --tmp option.
You should ensure there is enough free space in the worst case for a full
copy of the source disk ( virtual size), or else set $TMPDIR to
point to another directory that has enough space.
This defaults to /tmp.
Note that if $TMPDIR is a tmpfs (eg. if /tmp is on tmpfs, or if you
use "TMPDIR=/dev/shm"), tmpfs defaults to a maximum size of
half of physical RAM. If virt-sparsify exceeds this, it will hang.
The solution is either to use a real disk, or to increase the maximum size
of the tmpfs mountpoint, eg:
mount -o remount,size=10G /tmp
If you are using the --in-place option, then large amounts of
temporary space are not required.
他の環境変数は
"環境変数" in
guestfs(3)
を参照してください。
This program returns 0 if the operation completed without errors. (This doesn't
necessarily mean that space could be freed up.)
A non-zero exit code indicates an error.
If the exit code is 3 and the
--in-place option was used, that indicates
that discard support is not available in libguestfs, so copying mode must be
used instead.
virt-df(1),
virt-filesystems(1),
virt-resize(1),
virt-rescue(1),
guestfs(3),
guestfish(1),
truncate(1),
fallocate(1),
qemu-img(1),
http://libguestfs.org/.
Richard W.M. Jones
http://people.redhat.com/~rjones/
Copyright (C) 2011-2020 Red Hat Inc.
To get a list of bugs against libguestfs, use this link:
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/buglist.cgi?component=libguestfs&product=Virtualization+Tools
To report a new bug against libguestfs, use this link:
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?component=libguestfs&product=Virtualization+Tools
When reporting a bug, please supply:
- •
- The version of libguestfs.
- •
- Where you got libguestfs (eg. which Linux distro, compiled
from source, etc)
- •
- Describe the bug accurately and give a way to reproduce
it.
- •
- Run libguestfs-test-tool(1) and paste the
complete, unedited output into the bug report.