名称
newusers - 批量更新和创建新用户大纲
newusers
[ 选项] [文件]
描述
The newusers command reads a file (or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or to create new users. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see passwd(5)) with the exceptions explained below: pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell pw_name这是用户的用户名。
It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user
created before by newusers). In case of an existing user, the user's
information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created.
pw_passwd
此字段将被加密然后用于加密后密码的新值。
pw_uid
此字段用于定义用户的
UID。
If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by
newusers.
如果此字段包含一个数字，此数字会用于
UID。
If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user
created before by newusers), the UID of the specified user will be
used.
如果一个现有用户更改了
UID，此用户的文件所有权需要手动修复。
pw_gid
此字段用于定义用户的主组
ID。
If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before
by newusers), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group
ID for the user.
如果此字段是一个数字，此数字会被用作此用户的主组
ID。如果没有对应此 GID
的现有组，将会使用此
GID
创建一个新组，名称和用户名相同。
If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user
and a GID will be automatically defined by newusers to be used as the
primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group.
If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not
created before by newusers), a new group will be created with the
specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by newusers to
be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group.
pw_gecos
此字段复制到用户的
GECOS 字段。
pw_dir
此字段用于定义用户的主目录。
If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified directory is
created, with ownership set to the user being created or updated and its
primary group. Note that newusers does not create parent directories
of the new user's home directory. The newusers command will fail to create the
home directory if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message
to stderr informing the user of the failure. The newusers command will not
halt or return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home
directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified.
If the home directory of an existing user is changed, newusers does not
move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location. This should
be done manually.
pw_shell
此字段定义了用户的
shell。对此字段不进行任何检查。
newusers first tries to create or change all the specified users, and
then write these changes to the user or group databases. If an error occurs
(except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the
databases.
During this first pass, users are created with a locked password (and passwords
are not changed for the users which are not created). A second pass is used to
update the passwords using PAM. Failures to update a password are reported,
but will not stop the other password updates.
此命令一般用于在大型的应用环境中，对大量账户进行一次性更新。
选项
The options which apply to the newusers command are: --badnameAllow names that do not conform to
standards.
-h, --help
显示帮助信息并退出。
-r, --system
创建一个系统账户。
System users will be created with no aging information in /etc/shadow, and their
numeric identifiers are chosen in the SYS_UID_MIN-SYS_UID_MAX
range, defined in login.defs, instead of UID_MIN-UID_MAX (and
their GID counterparts for the creation of groups).
-R, --root CHROOT_DIR
Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR
directory and use the configuration files from the CHROOT_DIR
directory. Only absolute paths are supported.
CAVEATS
输入文件必须受到保护，因为它包含未加密的密码。配置文件
The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:文件
/etc/passwd用户账户信息。
/etc/shadow
安全用户账户信息。
/etc/group
组账户信息。
/etc/gshadow
安全组账户信息。
/etc/login.defs
Shadow
密码套件配置。
/etc/pam.d/newusers
PAM configuration for newusers.
/etc/subgid
Per user subordinate group IDs.
/etc/subuid
Per user subordinate user IDs.
参见
login.defs(5), passwd(1), subgid(5), subuid(5), useradd(8).| 2023-03-23 | shadow-utils 4.13 |