App::Cpan - easily interact with CPAN from the command line
# with arguments and no switches, installs specified modules
cpan module_name [ module_name ... ]
# with switches, installs modules with extra behavior
cpan [-cfFimtTw] module_name [ module_name ... ]
# use local::lib
cpan -I module_name [ module_name ... ]
# one time mirror override for faster mirrors
cpan -p ...
# with just the dot, install from the distribution in the
# current directory
cpan .
# without arguments, starts CPAN.pm shell
cpan
# without arguments, but some switches
cpan [-ahpruvACDLOPX]
This script provides a command interface (not a shell) to CPAN. At the moment it
uses CPAN.pm to do the work, but it is not a one-shot command runner for
CPAN.pm.
- -a
- Creates a CPAN.pm autobundle with
CPAN::Shell->autobundle.
- -A module [ module ... ]
- Shows the primary maintainers for the specified
modules.
- -c module
- Runs a `make clean` in the specified module's
directories.
- -C module [ module ... ]
- Show the Changes files for the specified
modules
- -D module [ module ... ]
- Show the module details. This prints one line for each
out-of-date module (meaning, modules locally installed but have newer
versions on CPAN). Each line has three columns: module name, local
version, and CPAN version.
- -f
- Force the specified action, when it normally would have
failed. Use this to install a module even if its tests fail. When you use
this option, -i is not optional for installing a module when you need to
force it:
% cpan -f -i Module::Foo
- -F
- Turn off CPAN.pm's attempts to lock anything. You should be
careful with this since you might end up with multiple scripts trying to
muck in the same directory. This isn't so much of a concern if you're
loading a special config with "-j", and that config sets up its
own work directories.
- -g module [ module ... ]
- Downloads to the current directory the latest distribution
of the module.
- -G module [ module ... ]
- UNIMPLEMENTED
Download to the current directory the latest distribution of the modules,
unpack each distribution, and create a git repository for each
distribution.
If you want this feature, check out Yanick Champoux's
"Git::CPAN::Patch" distribution.
- -h
- Print a help message and exit. When you specify
"-h", it ignores all of the other options and arguments.
- -i module [ module ... ]
- Install the specified modules. With no other switches, this
switch is implied.
- -I
- Load "local::lib" (think like "-I" for
loading lib paths). Too bad "-l" was already taken.
- -j Config.pm
- Load the file that has the CPAN configuration data. This
should have the same format as the standard CPAN/Config.pm file,
which defines $CPAN::Config as an anonymous hash.
If the file does not exist, "cpan" dies.
- -J
- Dump the configuration in the same format that CPAN.pm
uses. This is useful for checking the configuration as well as using the
dump as a starting point for a new, custom configuration.
- -l
- List all installed modules with their versions
- -L author [ author ... ]
- List the modules by the specified authors.
- -m
- Make the specified modules.
- -M mirror1,mirror2,...
- A comma-separated list of mirrors to use for just this run.
The "-P" option can find them for you automatically.
- -n
- Do a dry run, but don't actually install anything.
(unimplemented)
- -O
- Show the out-of-date modules.
- -p
- Ping the configured mirrors and print a report
- -P
- Find the best mirrors you could be using and use them for
the current session.
- -r
- Recompiles dynamically loaded modules with
CPAN::Shell->recompile.
- -s
- Drop in the CPAN.pm shell. This command does this
automatically if you don't specify any arguments.
- -t module [ module ... ]
- Run a `make test` on the specified modules.
- -T
- Do not test modules. Simply install them.
- -u
- Upgrade all installed modules. Blindly doing this can
really break things, so keep a backup.
- -v
- Print the script version and CPAN.pm version then
exit.
- -V
- Print detailed information about the cpan client.
- -w
- UNIMPLEMENTED
Turn on cpan warnings. This checks various things, like directory
permissions, and tells you about problems you might have.
- -x module [ module ... ]
- Find close matches to the named modules that you think you
might have mistyped. This requires the optional installation of
Text::Levenshtein or Text::Levenshtein::Damerau.
- -X
- Dump all the namespaces to standard output.
# print a help message
cpan -h
# print the version numbers
cpan -v
# create an autobundle
cpan -a
# recompile modules
cpan -r
# upgrade all installed modules
cpan -u
# install modules ( sole -i is optional )
cpan -i Netscape::Booksmarks Business::ISBN
# force install modules ( must use -i )
cpan -fi CGI::Minimal URI
# install modules but without testing them
cpan -Ti CGI::Minimal URI
There are several components in CPAN.pm that use environment variables. The
build tools, ExtUtils::MakeMaker and Module::Build use some, while others
matter to the levels above them. Some of these are specified by the Perl
Toolchain Gang:
Lancaster Consensus:
<
https://github.com/Perl-Toolchain-Gang/toolchain-site/blob/master/lancaster-consensus.md>
Oslo Consensus:
<
https://github.com/Perl-Toolchain-Gang/toolchain-site/blob/master/oslo-consensus.md>
- NONINTERACTIVE_TESTING
- Assume no one is paying attention and skips prompts for
distributions that do that correctly. cpan(1) sets this to 1 unless it
already has a value (even if that value is false).
- PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
- Use the default answer for a prompted questions. cpan(1)
sets this to 1 unless it already has a value (even if that value is
false).
- CPAN_OPTS
- As with "PERL5OPT", a string of additional
cpan(1) options to add to those you specify on the command line.
- CPANSCRIPT_LOGLEVEL
- The log level to use, with either the embedded, minimal
logger or Log::Log4perl if it is installed. Possible values are the same
as the "Log::Log4perl" levels: "TRACE",
"DEBUG", "INFO", "WARN", "ERROR",
and "FATAL". The default is "INFO".
- GIT_COMMAND
- The path to the "git" binary to use for the Git
features. The default is "/usr/local/bin/git".
- run( ARGS )
- Just do it.
The "run" method returns 0 on success and a positive number on
failure. See the section on EXIT CODES for details on the values.
CPAN.pm sends all the good stuff either to STDOUT, or to a temp file if
$CPAN::Be_Silent is set. I have to intercept that output so I can find out
what happened.
Stolen from File::Path::Expand
The script exits with zero if it thinks that everything worked, or a positive
number if it thinks that something failed. Note, however, that in some cases
it has to divine a failure by the output of things it does not control. For
now, the exit codes are vague:
1 An unknown error
2 The was an external problem
4 There was an internal problem with the script
8 A module failed to install
* There is initial support for Log4perl if it is available, but I haven't gone
through everything to make the NullLogger work out correctly if Log4perl is
not installed.
* When I capture CPAN.pm output, I need to check for errors and report them to
the user.
* Warnings switch
* Check then exit
* none noted
CPAN, App::cpanminus
This code is in Github in the CPAN.pm repository:
https://github.com/andk/cpanpm
The source used to be tracked separately in another GitHub repo, but the
canonical source is now in the above repo.
Japheth Cleaver added the bits to allow a forced install ("-f").
Jim Brandt suggested and provided the initial implementation for the up-to-date
and Changes features.
Adam Kennedy pointed out that "exit()" causes problems on Windows
where this script ends up with a .bat extension
David Golden helps integrate this into the "CPAN.pm" repos.
Jim Keenan fixed up various issues with _download
brian d foy, "<
[email protected]>"
Copyright (c) 2001-2021, brian d foy, All Rights Reserved.
You may redistribute this under the same terms as Perl itself.