cdrdao - reads and writes CDs in disc-at-once mode
cdrdao
{
show-toc|toc-info|toc-size|read-toc|read-cd|read-cddb|show-data|read-test|disk-info|discid|msinfo|drive-info|unlock|scanbus|simulate|write|copy|blank}
[
--device device] [
--source-device device]
[
--driver driver-id] [
--source-driver driver-id]
[
--simulate] [
--speed writing-speed] [
--blank-mode
mode] [
--datafile file] [
--read-raw]
[
--read-subchan [
--no-mode2-mixed]
mode]
[
--tao-source] [
--tao-source-adjust link-blocks]
[
--fast-toc] [
--buffers buffer-count] [
--multi]
[
--overburn] [
--eject] [
--swap] [
--session]
[
--force] [
--reload] [
--keepimage] [
--on-the-fly]
[
--paranoia-mode mode] [
--with-cddb]
[
--cddb-servers server-list] [
--cddb-timeout
timeout] [
--cddb-directory directory] [
--tmpdir
directory] [
--keep] [
--save] [
-n] [
-v
verbose-level] toc-file
cdrdao creates audio and data CD-Rs in disk-at-once (DAO) mode driven by
a description file called
toc-file. In DAO mode it is possible to
create non standard track pre-gaps that have other lengths than 2 seconds and
contain nonzero audio data. This is for example useful to divide live
recordings into tracks where 2 second gaps would be kind of irritating.
Instead of a
toc-file a cue file (used by a famous DOS/Windows mastering
tool) may be used. See the CUE FILES section for more details.
- The first argument must be one of the following
commands:
- show-toc
- Print out a summary about what will be written to the
CD-R.
- toc-info
- Prints out short toc-file summary.
- toc-size
- Prints total number of blocks for toc.
- read-toc
- Analyze each track of the inserted CD and create a
toc-file that can be used to make a more or less exact copy of the
CD. This command does not read out the audio or data tracks, use
read-cd for this purpose.
You can specify a filename for the data file via the --datafile
option.
- read-cd
- Copies all tracks of the inserted CD to an image file and
creates a corresponding toc-file. The name of the image file
defaults to "data.bin" if no --datafile option is
given.
- read-cddb
- Tries to retrieve title and artist data from a CDDB server
for the CD represented by the given toc-file. The retrieved data is added
as CD-TEXT data for language 0 to the toc-file. Existing CD-TEXT data for
language 0 will be overwritten.
- show-data
- Print out all samples that would be written to the CD-R.
Each line contains the sample number (starting at 0) and the decimal
sample value for the left and right channel. Useful to check if the byte
order of audio files is correct.
- read-test
- Check if all data can be read from the audio files that are
defined in the toc-file. This will also check the communication
with the slave process that is responsible for writing the audio data to
the CD-recorder. Mainly used for testing.
- disk-info
- Shows information about the inserted CD-R. If the CD-R has
an open session it will also print the start of the last and current
session which is used by mkisofs to create an image for a second or higher
session.
- discid
- Prints out CDDB information.
- msinfo
- Shows information required for creating multi session disks
with mkisofs. The output is meant for processing by scripts.
- drive-info
- Shows drive information.
- unlock
- Tries to unlock the recorder device after a failed write or
simulation run. If you cannot eject the CD after a cdrdao run try this
command.
- blank
- Blanks a CD-RW. The CD-RW is minimally blanked by default.
Use option --blank-mode to select another blanking mode. Sometimes
the blanking speed must be manually reduced for a successful blanking
operation. Use option --speed to select another blanking
speed.
- scanbus
- Scan for devices.
- simulate
- Like write but laser stays cold. It is a shortcut
for write --simulate.
- write
- Write the CD-R according to the specifications in the
toc-file.
- copy
- Performs all steps to copy a CD. The device containing the
source CD must be specified with option --source-device and the
recorder device with option --device. If only a single device is
available the option --source-device must be omitted and cdrdao
will prompt to insert the CD-R after an image of the source CD was
created.
The image file with name "cddata<pid>.bin" will be created
in the current working directory if no --datafile option is given.
The created image will be removed after it has been written.
If option --on-the-fly is given no image file is created and the data
will be directly piped from the reading device to the CD recorder.
-
--device [prot:]bus,id,lun
- Sets the SCSI address of the CD-recorder in form of a
bus/id/lun triple, e.g. '0,2,0' for the logical unit 0 of SCSI device with
ID 2 on bus 0. ATAPI devices can be specified by using the prefix
'ATAPI:', e.g. 'ATAPI:0,0,0'. On some systems a device node may be
specified directly, e.g. '/dev/sg0' on Linux systems. Linux 2.6 users may
also try the newer ATAPI interface with the 'ATA:' prefix.
-
--source-device [prot:]bus,id,lun
- Like above but used for the copy command to specify
the source device.
-
--driver driver-id:option-flags
- Force usage of specified driver instead of the
automatically determined driver. Available driver IDs:
cdd2600, plextor, plextor-scan, generic-mmc, generic-mmc-raw, ricoh-mp6200,
yamaha-cdr10x, teac-cdr55, sony-cdu920, sony-cdu948, taiyo-yuden, toshiba.
Specifying an illegal driver ID will give a list of available drivers.
Option flags may be used to modify the behavior of some drivers. See
README for details.
-
--source-driver driver-id:option-flags
- Like above but used for the device specified with option
--source-device.
-
--speed value
- Set the writing speed to value. Default is the
highest possible speed.
-
--blank-mode mode
- Sets the blanking mode. Available modes are full and
minimal. Please consider that the data of minimally blanked disks
may be easily recovered. Use the full blanking mode for completely
erasing all data. The default blanking mode is minimal.
-
--datafile file
- Used for read-toc, read-cd and copy. Set the
default data file placed in the toc-file by read-toc. Use
"-" to indicate STDIN. For commands read-cd and
copy it specifies the name of the created image file.
- --read-raw
- Only used for commands read-cd and read-toc.
All data sectors will be written as 2352 byte blocks including the sector
header and L-EC data to the image file. The track mode will be set to
MODE1_RAW or MODE2_RAW in the created toc-file.
-
--read-subchan mode
- Used by commands read-cd, read-toc and
copy. Specifies the type of sub-channel data that is extracted from
the source CD and written to the track image or copied to the destination
CD. Mode may be rw for reading packed R-W sub-channel data
(de-interleaved and error corrected) and rw_raw for reading raw R-W
sub-channel data (not de-interleaved, not error corrected, L-EC data
included in the track image). If this option is not specified no
sub-channel data will be extracted.
- --no-mode2-mixed
- Only used for commands read-cd and read-toc.
If we have MODE2_FORM1 or MODE2_FORM2, don't extract it as MODE2_FORM_MIX.
toc-file.
- --tao-source
- This option indicates to the commands read-toc and
read-cd that the source CD was written in TAO mode. It will be
assumed that the pre-gap length between all tracks (except between two
audio tracks) is the standard 150 blocks plus the number of link blocks
(usually 2). The number of link blocks can be controlled with option
--tao-source-adjust.
Use this option only if read-toc or read-cd give error
messages in the transition areas between two tracks. If you use this
option with pressed CDs or CDs written in DAO mode you will get wrong
results.
-
--tao-source-adjust link-blocks
- Specifies the number of link blocks for tracks written in
TAO mode. This option has only an effect if option --tao-source is
given.
- --fast-toc
- Only used for command read-toc. This option
suppresses the pre-gap length and index mark extraction which speeds up
the read-toc process. Standard 2 second pre-gaps (but no silence!) will be
placed into the toc-file. The resulting CD will sound like the source CD.
Only the CD player's display will behave slightly different in the
transition area between two tracks.
This option might help, too, if read-toc fails with your drive otherwise.
-
--buffers buffer-count
- Specifies the number of buffers that are allocated to avoid
buffer under runs. The minimal buffer count is fixed to 10, default is 32
except on FreeBSD systems, on which default is 20. Each buffer holds 1
second of audio data so that dividing buffer-count by the writing
speed gives the maximum time for which reading of audio data may be
stalled.
- --multi
- If this option is given the session will not be closed
after the audio data is successfully written. It is possible to append
another session on such disks, e.g. to create a CD-EXTRA.
- --overburn
- By default cdrdao will not allow one to write more data on
a medium than specified by the current medium. This option allows one to
ignore this condition.
- --eject
- Eject the CD-R after writing or write simulation.
- --swap
- Swap the byte order of all samples that are send to the
CD-recorder.
-
--session session-nr
- Used for read-toc and read-cd to specify the
session which should be processed on multi session CDs.
- --reload
- Indicates that the tray may be opened before writing
without prompting the user to reset the disk status after a simulation
run.
- --force
- Forces the execution of an operation that otherwise would
not be performed.
-
--paranoia-mode mode
- Sets the correction mode for digital audio extraction. 0:
No checking, data is copied directly from the drive. 1: Perform overlapped
reading to avoid jitter. 2: Like 1 but with additional checks of the read
audio data. 3: Like 2 but with additional scratch detection and repair.
The extraction speed reduces from 0 to 3.
Default is the full paranoia mode (3).
- --keepimage
- If a CD is copied with command copy this option will
cause that the created image is not removed after the copy process has
finished.
- --on-the-fly
- Perform CD copy on the fly without creating an image
file.
- --with-cddb
- Enables the automatic fetching of CDDB data for use as
CD-TEXT data for commands copy, read-toc and
read-cd.
-
--cddb-servers server-list
- Sets space or ',' separated list of CDDB servers used for
command read-cddb or for commands where the --with-cddb
option is active. A server entry may have the following forms:
- <server>
- Connect to <server>, default cddbp port (888), use
cddbp protocol.
- <server>:<port>
- Connect to <server>, port <port>, use cddbp
protocol.
- <server>:<cgi-bin-path>
- Connect to <server>, default http port (80), use http
protocol, url: <cgi-bin-path>.
- <server>:<port>:<cgi-bin-path>
- Connect to <server>, port <port>, use http
protocol, url: <cgi-bin-path>.
- <server>:<port>:<cgi-bin-path>:<proxy-server>
- Connect to <proxy-server>, default http port (80),
use http protocol, url:
http://<server>:<port>/<cgi-bin-path>.
- <server>:<port>:<cgi-bin-path>:<proxy-server>:<proxy-port>
- Connect to <proxy-server>, port <proxy-port>,
use http protocol, url:
http://<server>:<port>/<cgi-bin-path>.
The <cgi-bin-path> is usually "/~cddb/cddb.cgi".
All servers of the server list will be tried in the given order until a
successful connection can be established. For http proxy servers the first
successful connected http proxy server will be used independent of the
ability to connect to the target http server.
Example: freedb.freedb.org:/~cddb/cddb.cgi
-
--cddb-timeout timeout
- Sets the timeout in seconds used for connections to CDDB
servers.
-
--cddb-directory directory
- Specifies the local CDDB database directory where fetched
CDDB records will be stored. If this option is not given a fetched CDDB
record will not be stored locally.
-
--tmpdir directory
- Specifies the directory in which to store temporary data
files created from decoding MP3 and Ogg Vorbis files. By default,
"/tmp" is used.
- --keep
- Upon exit from cdrdao, do not delete temporary WAV files
created from MP3 and Ogg Vorbis files.
- --save
- Saves some of the current options to the settings file
"$HOME/.cdrdao" and exit. See section ´SETTINGS´
for more details.
- -n
- Suppresses the 10 second pause before writing or
simulating.
-
-v verbose-level
- Sets verbose level. Levels > 2 are debug levels which
produce a lot of output.
The
toc-file describes what data is written to the CD-R and allows
control over track/index positions, pre-gaps and sub-channel information. It
is a simple text file, use your favorite text editor to create it.
A
toc-file contains an optional header and a sequence of track
specifications. Comments starting with '//' reaching until end of line can be
placed anywhere.
- CATALOG "ddddddddddddd"
- Specifies the optional catalog number of the CD. The string
must contain exactly 13 digits.
The following flags specify the type of session that will be created. It is used
to create the correct CD-TOC format and to check the consistency of the track
modes for the desired session type. If multiple flags are given the last one
will take effect.
- CD_DA
- The disc contains only audio tracks.
- CD_ROM
- The disc contains just mode 1 tracks or mode 1 and audio
tracks (mixed mode CD).
- CD_ROM_XA
- The disc contains mode 2 form 1 or mode 2 form 2 tracks.
Audio tracks are allowed, too. This type must be used if multi session
disks are created (option --multi).
- CD_TEXT { ... }
- Defines global CD-TEXT data like the album title and the
used languages. See the CD-TEXT section below for the syntax of the
CD-TEXT block contents.
- TRACK <track-mode> [<sub-channel-mode>]
- Starts a new track, the track number is incremented by 1.
The length of a track must be at least 4 seconds. The block length of the
input data depends on the <track-mode>: AUDIO: 2352 bytes (588
samples), MODE1: 2048 bytes, MODE1_RAW: 2352 bytes, MODE2: 2336 bytes,
MODE2_FORM1: 2048 bytes, MODE2_FORM2: 2324 bytes, MODE2_FORM_MIX: 2336
bytes including the sub-header, MODE2_RAW: 2352 bytes. The
<sub-channel-mode> is optional. If given it specifies the type of
sub-channel data for each sector. RW: packed R-W sub-channel data (96
bytes, L-EC data will be generated if required), RW_RAW: raw R-W
sub-channel data (interleaved and L-EC data already calculated, 96 bytes).
The block length is increased by the sub-channel data length if a
<sub-channel-mode> is specified. If the input data length is not a
multiple of the block length it will be padded with zeros.
The following flags may follow the track start statement. They are used to set
sub-channel information for the current track. Each flag is optional. If not
given the following defaults are used: copy not permitted, no pre emphasis,
two channel audio, no ISRC code.
- [ NO ] COPY
- Sets or clears the copy permitted flag.
- [ NO ] PRE_EMPHASIS
- Sets or clears the pre emphasis flag (only for audio
tracks).
- TWO_CHANNEL_AUDIO
- Indicates that track contains two channel audio data (only
for audio tracks).
- FOUR_CHANNEL_AUDIO
- Indicates that track contains four channel audio data (only
for audio tracks).
- ISRC "CCOOOYYSSSSS"
- Sets ISRC code of track (only for audio tracks).
C: country code (upper case letters or digits)
O: owner code (upper case letters or digits)
Y: year (digits)
S: serial number (digits)
An optional CD-TEXT block that defines the CD-TEXT data for this track may
follow. See the CD-TEXT section below for the syntax of the CD-TEXT block
contents.
- CD_TEXT { ... }
At least one of the following statements must appear to specify the data for the
current track. Lengths and start positions may be expressed in samples
(1/44100 seconds) for audio tracks or in bytes for data tracks. It is also
possible to give the length in blocks with the MSF format 'MM:SS:FF'
specifying minutes, seconds and frames (0 <= 'FF' < 75) . A frame equals
one block.
If more than one statement is used the track will be composed by concatenating
the data in the specified order.
- SILENCE <length>
- Adds zero audio data of specified length to the current
audio track. Useful to create silent pre-gaps.
- ZERO <length>
- Adds zero data to data tracks. Must be used to define pre-
or post-gaps between tracks of different mode.
- [ FILE | AUDIOFILE ] "<filename>" <start> [ <length> ]
- Adds the audio data of specified file to the current audio
track. It is possible to select a portion of an audio file with
<start> and <length> which allows non destructive cutting. The
first sample of an audio file is addressed with <start> = 0. If
<length> is omitted or set to 0 all audio data from <start>
until the end of file is used.
Audio files may have raw or WAVE format with 16 bits per sample, 44.1 kHz
sampling rate, stereo. Raw files must have the layout 'MSBLeft LSBLeft
MSBRight LSBRight ...' (big endian byte order). WAVE files are expected to
have little endian byte order. The option --swap reverses the expected
byte order for all raw and WAVE files. Only filenames with a
".wav" ending are treated as WAVE files, all other names are
assumed to be raw audio files. Use tools like sox(1) to convert other file
formats to supported formats.
Specifying a "-" as filename causes data to be read from STDIN.
Currently only raw files are supported from STDIN.
If you are unsure about the byte order of your audio files try the command
'show-data'. If the byte order is correct you will see a sequence of
increasing or decreasing numbers for both channels. Otherwise numbers are
jumping between very high and low values - high volume static.
- DATAFILE "<filename>" [ <length> ]
- Adds data from given file to the current data track. If
<length> is omitted the actual file length will be used.
- FIFO "<fifo path>" <length>
- Adds data from specified FIFO path to the current audio or
data track. <length> must specify the amount of data that will be
read from the FIFO. The value is always in terms of bytes (scalar value)
or in terms of the block length (MSF value).
- START [ MM:SS:FF ]
- Defines the length of the pre-gap (position where index
switches from 0 to 1). If the MSF value is omitted the current track
length is used. If the current track length is not a multiple of the block
length the pre-gap length will be rounded up to next block boundary.
If no START statement is given the track will not have a pre-gap.
- PREGAP MM:SS:FF
- This is an alternate way to specify a pre-gap with zero
audio data. It may appear before the first SILENCE, ZERO or FILE
statement. Either PREGAP or START can be used within a track
specification. It is equivalent to the sequence
SILENCE MM:SS:FF
START
for audio tracks or
ZERO MM:SS:FF
START
for data tracks.
Nothing prevents mixing 'DATAFILE'/'ZERO' and 'AUDIOFILE'/'SILENCE' statements
within the same track. The results, however, are undefined.
The end of a track specification may contain zero or more index increment
statements:
- INDEX MM:SS:FF
- Increments the index number at given position within the
track. The first statement will increment from 1 to 2. The position is
relative to the real track start, not counting an existing pre-gap.
A CD-TEXT block may be placed in the global section to define data valid for the
whole CD and in each track specification of a
toc-file. The global
section must define a language map that is used to map a
language-number to country codes. Up to 8 different languages can be
defined:
- LANGUAGE_MAP { 0 : c1 1 : c2 ... 7 : c7 }
- The country code may be an integer value in the range
0..255 or one of the following countries (the corresponding integer value
is placed in braces behind the token): EN(9, English)
It is just necessary to define a mapping for the used languages.
If no mapping exists for a
language-number the data for this language
will be ignored.
For each language a language block must exist that defines the actual data for a
certain language.
- LANGUAGE language-number { cd-text-item cd-text-data
cd-text-item cd-text-data ... }
- Defines the CD-TEXT items for given language-number
which must be defined in the language map.
The
cd-text-data may be either a string enclosed by " or binary data
like
{ 0, 10, 255, ... }
where each integer number must be in the range 0..255.
The
cd-text-item may be one of the following:
- TITLE
- String data: Title of CD or track.
- PERFORMER
- String data.
- SONGWRITER
- String data.
- COMPOSER
- String data.
- ARRANGER
- String data.
- MESSAGE
- String data. Message to the user.
- DISC_ID
- String data: Should only appear in the global CD-TEXT
block. The format is usually: XY12345
- GENRE
- Mixture of binary data (genre code) and string data. Should
only appear in the global CD-TEXT block. Useful entries will be created by
gcdmaster.
- TOC_INFO1
- Binary data: Optional table of contents 1. Should only
appear in the global CD-TEXT block.
- TOC_INFO2
- Binary data: Optional table of contents 2. Should only
appear in the global CD-TEXT block.
- UPC_EAN
- String data: This item should only appear in the global
CD-TEXT block. Was always an empty string on the CD-TEXT CDs I had access
to.
- ISRC
- String data: ISRC code of track. The format is usually:
CC-OOO-YY-SSSSS
- SIZE_INFO
- Binary data: Contains summary about all CD-TEXT data and
should only appear in the global CD-TEXT block. The data will be
automatically (re)created when the CD-TEXT data is written.
If one of the CD-TEXT items TITLE, PERFORMER, SONGWRITER, COMPOSER,
ARRANGER, ISRC is defined for at least on track or in the global section
it must be defined for all tracks and in the global section. If a DISC_ID
item is defined in the global section, an ISRC entry must be defined for
each track.
Simple track without pre-gap with all audio data from WAVE file
"data.wav":
CD_DA
TRACK AUDIO
FILE "data.wav" 0
Standard track with two second pre-gap, ISRC code and CD-TEXT:
CD_DA
CD_TEXT {
LANGUAGE_MAP {
0 : EN
}
LANGUAGE 0 {
TITLE "CD Title"
PERFORMER "Performer"
DISC_ID "XY12345"
UPC_EAN ""
}
}
TRACK AUDIO
ISRC "DEXXX9800001"
CD_TEXT {
LANGUAGE 0 {
TITLE "Track Title"
PERFORMER "Performer"
ISRC "DE-XXX-98-00001"
}
}
PREGAP 0:2:0
FILE "data.wav" 0
Track with 10 second pre-gap containing audio data from raw file
"data.cdr":
CD_DA
TRACK AUDIO
FILE "data.cdr" 0
START 0:10:0
Composed track with data from different files. Pre-gap data and length is taken
from "pregapdata.wav". The first minute of "track.cdr" is
omitted and two seconds silence are inserted at '2:0:0'. Index will be
incremented after 2 and 4 minutes past track start:
CD_DA
TRACK AUDIO
FILE "pregapdata.wav" 0
START
FILE "track.cdr" 1:0:0 1:0:0
SILENCE 0:2:0
FILE "track.cdr" 2:0:0
INDEX 2:0:0
INDEX 4:0:0
Mixed mode CD with a data track as first track followed by two audio tracks.
CD_ROM
TRACK MODE1
DATAFILE "data_1"
ZERO 00:02:00 // post-gap
TRACK AUDIO
SILENCE 00:02:00 // pre-gap
START
FILE "data_2.wav" 0
TRACK AUDIO
FILE "data_3.wav" 0
Cue files may be used wherever a
toc-file is expected. The corresponding
bin file is not taken from the FILE statement of a cue file but constructed
from the cue file name by replacing ".cue" by ".bin". The
cue file must have exactly one FILE statement.
Currently, following track modes are supported: MODE1/2048, MODE1/2352,
MODE2/2336, MODE2/2352. The CATALOG, ISRC and POSTGAP statements are parsed
but not evaluated, yet.
Some of the command line options can be stored as settings at following
locations. The files will be read on startup of
cdrdao in that order:
1. /etc/cdrdao.conf
2. /etc/defaults/cdrdao
3. /etc/default/cdrdao
4. $HOME/.cdrdao
Command line options will overwrite the loaded settings. The settings file
contains name - value pairs separated by a colon. String values must be
enclosed by ". The file is automatically written if the command line
option
--save is used but it is also possible to modify it manually.
Following values are defined:
- write_device
- Device used for operations simulate, write, copy, blank,
disk-info and unlock. Corresponding option:
--device
- write_driver
- Driver (including driver options) that is used for
operations simulate, write, copy, blank, disk-info and
unlock. Corresponding option: --driver
- write_speed
- Specifies writing speed. Corresponding option: --speed
- write_buffers
- Specifies fifo buffers used for recording. Corresponding
option: --buffers
- read_device
- Device used for operations read-toc, read-cd and
copy. Corresponding option: --device or
--source-device
- read_driver
- Driver (including driver options) used for operations
read-toc, read-cd and copy. Corresponding option:
--driver or --source-driver
- read_paranoia_mode
- Paranoia mode used for operations read-cd and copy.
Corresponding option: --paranoia-mode
- cddb_server_list
- CDDB server list for read-cddb. Corresponding
option: --cddb-servers
- cddb_timeout
- CDDB connection timeout in seconds used by
read-cddb. Corresponding option: --cddb-timeout
- cddb_directory
- Local directory where fetched CDDB records will be stored,
used by read-cddb. Corresponding option:
--cddb-directory
- tmp_file_dir
- Directory where temporary WAV files will be created from
decoding MP3 and Ogg Vorbis files. Corresponding option:
--tmpdir
If the program is terminated during the write/simulation process used IPC
resources may not be released. Use
ipcs(8) and
ipcrm(8) to delete them.
Andreas Mueller [email protected] [DEFUNCT]
Denis Leroy <[email protected]>
Manuel Clos <[email protected]>
gcdmaster(1),
cdrecord(1),
cdda2wav(1),
cdparanoia(1),
sox(1),
ipcs(8),
ipcrm(8)