virt-sysprep -
仮想マシンをクローンできるよう、再設定、設定解除またはカスタマイズします
virt-sysprep [--options] -d domname
virt-sysprep [--options] -a disk.img [-a disk.img ...]
Virt-sysprep can reset or unconfigure a virtual machine so that clones can be
made from it. Steps in this process include removing SSH host keys, removing
persistent network MAC configuration, and removing user accounts. Virt-sysprep
can also customize a virtual machine, for instance by adding SSH keys, users
or logos. Each step can be enabled or disabled as required.
Virt-sysprep modifies the guest or disk image
in place. The guest must be
shut down. If you want to preserve the existing contents of the guest,
you
must snapshot, copy or clone the disk first. See "COPYING AND
CLONING" below.
You do
not need to run virt-sysprep as root. In fact we'd generally
recommend that you don't. The time you might want to run it as root is when
you need root in order to access the disk image, but even in this case it
would be better to change the permissions on the disk image to be writable as
the non-root user running virt-sysprep.
"Sysprep" stands for "system preparation" tool. The name
comes from the Microsoft program
sysprep.exe which is used to
unconfigure Windows machines in preparation for cloning them. Having said
that, virt-sysprep does
not currently work on Microsoft Windows guests.
We plan to support Windows sysprepping in a future version, and we already
have code to do it.
- --help
- 簡単なヘルプを表示します。
-
-a file
-
--add file
- 仮想マシンからディスクイメージの
file を追加します。
ディスクイメージの形式は自動的に検出されます。強制的に特定の形式を使用するには
--format
オプションを使用します。
-
-a URI
-
--add URI
- Add a remote disk. The URI format is compatible with
guestfish. See "ADDING REMOTE STORAGE" in
guestfish(1).
- --colors
- --colours
- Use ANSI colour sequences to colourize messages. This is
the default when the output is a tty. If the output of the program is
redirected to a file, ANSI colour sequences are disabled unless you use
this option.
-
-c URI
-
--connect URI
- libvirt
を使用していると、指定された
URI に接続します。
省略すると、デフォルトの
libvirt
ハイパーバイザーに接続します。
ゲストのブロックデバイスを直接指定していると（(
-a)）、libvirt
は何も使用されません。
-
-d guest
-
--domain guest
- 名前付きの libvirt
仮想マシンからすべてのディスクを追加します。
名前の代わりに仮想マシンの
UUID を使用できます。
- -n
- --dry-run
- Perform a read-only "dry run" on the guest. This
runs the sysprep operation, but throws away any changes to the disk at the
end.
-
--enable operations
- Choose which sysprep operations to perform. Give a
comma-separated list of operations, for example:
--enable ssh-hostkeys,udev-persistent-net
would enable ONLY "ssh-hostkeys" and
"udev-persistent-net" operations.
If the --enable option is not given, then we default to trying most
sysprep operations (see --list-operations to show which are
enabled).
Regardless of the --enable option, sysprep operations are skipped for
some guest types.
特定のバージョンの
virt-sysprep
によりサポートされる操作の一覧を表示するには
--list-operations
を使用します。
See "OPERATIONS" below for a list and an explanation of each
operation.
-
--operation operations
-
--operations operations
- Choose which sysprep operations to perform. Give a
comma-separated list of operations, for example:
--operations ssh-hostkeys,udev-persistent-net
would enable ONLY "ssh-hostkeys" and
"udev-persistent-net" operations.
--operations allows you to enable and disable any operation,
including the default ones (which would be tried when specifying neither
--operations nor --enable) and all the available ones;
prepending a "-" in front of an operation name removes it from
the list of enabled operations, while the meta-names "defaults"
and "all" represent respectively the operations enabled by
default and all the available ones. For example:
--operations firewall-rules,defaults,-tmp-files
would enable the "firewall-rules" operation (regardless whether it
is enabled by default), all the default ones, and disable the
"tmp-files" operation.
--operations can be specified multiple times; the first time the set
of enabled operations is empty, while any further --operations
affects the operations enabled so far.
If the --operations option is not given, then we default to trying
most sysprep operations (see --list-operations to show which are
enabled).
Regardless of the --operations option, sysprep operations are skipped
for some guest types.
特定のバージョンの
virt-sysprep
によりサポートされる操作の一覧を表示するには
--list-operations
を使用します。
See "OPERATIONS" below for a list and an explanation of each
operation.
- --echo-keys
- When prompting for keys and passphrases, virt-sysprep
normally turns echoing off so you cannot see what you are typing. If you
are not worried about Tempest attacks and there is no one else in the room
you can specify this flag to see what you are typing.
-
--format raw|qcow2|..
-
--format auto
- The default for the -a option is to auto-detect the
format of the disk image. Using this forces the disk format for -a
options which follow on the command line. Using --format auto
switches back to auto-detection for subsequent -a options.
例:
virt-sysprep --format raw -a disk.img
forces raw format (no auto-detection) for disk.img.
virt-sysprep --format raw -a disk.img --format auto -a another.img
forces raw format (no auto-detection) for disk.img and reverts to
auto-detection for another.img.
仮想マシンのディスクイメージが信頼できない
raw 形式である場合、
ディスク形式を指定するためにこのオプションを使用すべきです。
これにより、悪意のある仮想マシンにより起こり得る
セキュリティ問題を回避できます
(CVE-2010-3851)。
-
--key SELECTOR
- Specify a key for LUKS, to automatically open a LUKS device
when using the inspection. "ID" can be either the libguestfs
device name, or the UUID of the LUKS device.
-
--key "ID":key:KEY_STRING
- Use the specified "KEY_STRING" as
passphrase.
-
--key "ID":file:FILENAME
- Read the passphrase from FILENAME.
- --keys-from-stdin
- Read key or passphrase parameters from stdin. The default
is to try to read passphrases from the user by opening /dev/tty.
If there are multiple encrypted devices then you may need to supply multiple
keys on stdin, one per line.
- --list-operations
- virt-sysprep
プログラムによりサポートされる操作を一覧表示します。
These are listed one per line, with one or more single-space-separated
fields, eg:
$ virt-sysprep --list-operations
bash-history * Remove the bash history in the guest
cron-spool * Remove user at-jobs and cron-jobs
dhcp-client-state * Remove DHCP client leases
dhcp-server-state * Remove DHCP server leases
[etc]
The first field is the operation name, which can be supplied to
--enable. The second field is a "*" character if the
operation is enabled by default or blank if not. Subsequent fields on the
same line are the description of the operation.
Before libguestfs 1.17.33 only the first (operation name) field was shown
and all operations were enabled by default.
-
--mount-options mp:opts[;mp:opts;...]
- Set the mount options used when libguestfs opens the disk
image. Note this has no effect on the guest. It is used when opening
certain guests such as ones using the UFS (BSD) filesystem.
Use a semicolon-separated list of "mountpoint:options" pairs. You
may need to quote this list to protect it from the shell.
例:
--mount-options "/:noatime"
これはルートディレクトリを
"notime"
でマウントします。
この例:
--mount-options "/:noatime;/var:rw,nodiratime"
will do the same, plus mount /var with
"rw,nodiratime".
- -q
- --quiet
- Don’t print log messages.
To enable detailed logging of individual file operations, use
-x.
- --network
- --no-network
- Enable or disable network access from the guest during the
installation.
In virt-sysprep, the network is disabled by default. You must use
--network to enable it, in order that options such as
--install or --update will work.
virt-builder(1) has more information about the security advantages
of disabling the network.
- -v
- --verbose
- デバッグ用の冗長なメッセージを有効にします。
- -V
- --version
- バージョン番号を表示して、終了します。
- --wrap
- Wrap error, warning, and informative messages. This is the
default when the output is a tty. If the output of the program is
redirected to a file, wrapping is disabled unless you use this
option.
- -x
- libguestfs API
呼び出しのトレースを有効にします。
-
--append-line FILE:LINE (see "customize"
below)
- Append a single line of text to the "FILE". If
the file does not already end with a newline, then one is added before the
appended line. Also a newline is added to the end of the "LINE"
string automatically.
For example (assuming ordinary shell quoting) this command:
--append-line '/etc/hosts:10.0.0.1 foo'
will add either "10.0.0.1 foo⏎" or "⏎10.0.0.1
foo⏎" to the file, the latter only if the existing file does
not already end with a newline.
"⏎" represents a newline character, which is guessed by
looking at the existing content of the file, so this command does the
right thing for files using Unix or Windows line endings. It also works
for empty or non-existent files.
To insert several lines, use the same option several times:
--append-line '/etc/hosts:10.0.0.1 foo'
--append-line '/etc/hosts:10.0.0.2 bar'
To insert a blank line before the appended line, do:
--append-line '/etc/hosts:'
--append-line '/etc/hosts:10.0.0.1 foo'
-
--chmod PERMISSIONS:FILE (see "customize"
below)
- Change the permissions of "FILE" to
"PERMISSIONS".
Note: "PERMISSIONS" by default would be decimal, unless
you prefix it with 0 to get octal, ie. use 0700 not 700.
-
--commands-from-file FILENAME (see
"customize" below)
- Read the customize commands from a file, one (and its
arguments) each line.
Each line contains a single customization command and its arguments, for
example:
delete /some/file
install some-package
password some-user:password:its-new-password
Empty lines are ignored, and lines starting with "#" are comments
and are ignored as well. Furthermore, arguments can be spread across
multiple lines, by adding a "\" (continuation character) at the
of a line, for example
edit /some/file:\
s/^OPT=.*/OPT=ok/
The commands are handled in the same order as they are in the file, as if
they were specified as --delete /some/file on the command
line.
-
--copy SOURCE:DEST (see "customize"
below)
- Copy files or directories recursively inside the guest.
Wildcards cannot be used.
-
--copy-in LOCALPATH:REMOTEDIR (see
"customize" below)
- Copy local files or directories recursively into the disk
image, placing them in the directory "REMOTEDIR" (which must
exist).
Wildcards cannot be used.
-
--delete PATH (see "customize" below)
- Delete a file from the guest. Or delete a directory (and
all its contents, recursively).
You can use shell glob characters in the specified path. Be careful to
escape glob characters from the host shell, if that is required. For
example:
virt-customize --delete '/var/log/*.log'.
See also: --upload, --scrub.
-
--edit FILE:EXPR (see "customize"
below)
- Edit "FILE" using the Perl expression
"EXPR".
表現がシェルにより変更されるのを防ぐために、適切に引用符でくくるよう注意してください。
このオプションは Perl 5
がインストールされているときのみ利用可能であることに注意してください。
See "NON-INTERACTIVE EDITING" in virt-edit(1).
-
--firstboot SCRIPT (see "customize"
below)
- Install "SCRIPT" inside the guest, so that when
the guest first boots up, the script runs (as root, late in the boot
process).
The script is automatically chmod +x after installation in the guest.
The alternative version --firstboot-command is the same, but it
conveniently wraps the command up in a single line script for you.
You can have multiple --firstboot options. They run in the same order
that they appear on the command line.
Please take a look at "FIRST BOOT SCRIPTS" in
virt-builder(1) for more information and caveats about the first
boot scripts.
See also --run.
-
--firstboot-command 'CMD+ARGS' (see
"customize" below)
- Run command (and arguments) inside the guest when the guest
first boots up (as root, late in the boot process).
You can have multiple --firstboot options. They run in the same order
that they appear on the command line.
Please take a look at "FIRST BOOT SCRIPTS" in
virt-builder(1) for more information and caveats about the first
boot scripts.
See also --run.
-
--firstboot-install PKG,PKG.. (see
"customize" below)
- Install the named packages (a comma-separated list). These
are installed when the guest first boots using the guest’s package
manager (eg. apt, yum, etc.) and the guest’s network connection.
For an overview on the different ways to install packages, see
"INSTALLING PACKAGES" in virt-builder(1).
-
--hostname HOSTNAME (see "customize"
below)
- Set the hostname of the guest to "HOSTNAME". You
can use a dotted hostname.domainname (FQDN) if you want.
-
--install PKG,PKG.. (see "customize"
below)
- Install the named packages (a comma-separated list). These
are installed during the image build using the guest’s package
manager (eg. apt, yum, etc.) and the host’s network connection.
For an overview on the different ways to install packages, see
"INSTALLING PACKAGES" in virt-builder(1).
See also --update, --uninstall.
-
--keep-user-accounts USERS (see
"user-account" below)
- The user accounts to be kept in the guest. The value of
this option is a list of user names separated by comma, where specifying
an user means it is going to be kept. For example:
--keep-user-accounts mary
would keep the user account "mary".
This option can be specified multiple times.
-
--link TARGET:LINK[:LINK..] (see
"customize" below)
- Create symbolic link(s) in the guest, starting at
"LINK" and pointing at "TARGET".
-
--mkdir DIR (see "customize" below)
- Create a directory in the guest.
This uses "mkdir -p" so any intermediate directories are
created, and it also works if the directory already exists.
-
--move SOURCE:DEST (see "customize"
below)
- Move files or directories inside the guest.
Wildcards cannot be used.
-
--no-logfile (see "customize" below)
- Scrub "builder.log" (log file from build
commands) from the image after building is complete. If you don't want to
reveal precisely how the image was built, use this option.
See also: "LOG FILE".
-
--password USER:SELECTOR (see "customize"
below)
- Set the password for "USER". (Note this option
does not create the user account).
See "USERS AND PASSWORDS" in virt-builder(1) for the format
of the "SELECTOR" field, and also how to set up user
accounts.
-
--password-crypto md5|sha256|sha512 (see
"customize" below)
- When the virt tools change or set a password in the guest,
this option sets the password encryption of that password to
"md5", "sha256" or "sha512".
"sha256" and "sha512" require glibc ≥ 2.7 (check
crypt(3) inside the guest).
"md5" will work with relatively old Linux guests (eg. RHEL 3), but
is not secure against modern attacks.
The default is "sha512" unless libguestfs detects an old guest
that didn't have support for SHA-512, in which case it will use
"md5". You can override libguestfs by specifying this option.
Note this does not change the default password encryption used by the guest
when you create new user accounts inside the guest. If you want to do
that, then you should use the --edit option to modify
"/etc/sysconfig/authconfig" (Fedora, RHEL) or
"/etc/pam.d/common-password" (Debian, Ubuntu).
-
--remove-user-accounts USERS (see
"user-account" below)
- The user accounts to be removed from the guest. The value
of this option is a list of user names separated by comma, where
specifying an user means it is going to be removed. For example:
--remove-user-accounts bob,eve
would only remove the user accounts "bob" and "eve".
This option can be specified multiple times.
-
--root-password SELECTOR (see "customize"
below)
- Set the root password.
See "USERS AND PASSWORDS" in virt-builder(1) for the format
of the "SELECTOR" field, and also how to set up user accounts.
Note: In virt-builder, if you don't set --root-password then
the guest is given a random root password.
-
--run SCRIPT (see "customize" below)
- Run the shell script (or any program) called
"SCRIPT" on the disk image. The script runs virtualized inside a
small appliance, chrooted into the guest filesystem.
The script is automatically chmod +x.
If libguestfs supports it then a limited network connection is available but
it only allows outgoing network connections. You can also attach data
disks (eg. ISO files) as another way to provide data (eg. software
packages) to the script without needing a network connection (
--attach). You can also upload data files ( --upload).
You can have multiple --run options. They run in the same order that
they appear on the command line.
See also: --firstboot, --attach, --upload.
-
--run-command 'CMD+ARGS' (see "customize"
below)
- Run the command and arguments on the disk image. The
command runs virtualized inside a small appliance, chrooted into the guest
filesystem.
If libguestfs supports it then a limited network connection is available but
it only allows outgoing network connections. You can also attach data
disks (eg. ISO files) as another way to provide data (eg. software
packages) to the script without needing a network connection (
--attach). You can also upload data files ( --upload).
You can have multiple --run-command options. They run in the same
order that they appear on the command line.
See also: --firstboot, --attach, --upload.
-
--script SCRIPT (see "script" below)
- Run the named "SCRIPT" (a shell script or
program) against the guest. The script can be any program on the host. The
script’s current directory will be the guest’s root
directory.
Note: If the script is not on the $PATH, then you must give the full
absolute path to the script.
-
--scriptdir SCRIPTDIR (see "script"
below)
- The mount point (an empty directory on the host) used when
the "script" operation is enabled and one or more scripts are
specified using --script parameter(s).
Note: "SCRIPTDIR" must be an absolute path.
If --scriptdir is not specified then a temporary mountpoint will be
created.
-
--scrub FILE (see "customize" below)
- Scrub a file from the guest. This is like --delete
except that:
- •
- It scrubs the data so a guest could not recover it.
- •
- It cannot delete directories, only regular files.
-
--selinux-relabel (see "customize"
below)
- Relabel files in the guest so that they have the correct
SELinux label.
This will attempt to relabel files immediately, but if the operation fails
this will instead touch /.autorelabel on the image to schedule a
relabel operation for the next time the image boots.
You should only use this option for guests which support SELinux.
-
--sm-attach SELECTOR (see "customize"
below)
- Attach to a pool using "subscription-manager".
See "SUBSCRIPTION-MANAGER" in virt-builder(1) for the
format of the "SELECTOR" field.
-
--sm-credentials SELECTOR (see "customize"
below)
- Set the credentials for "subscription-manager".
See "SUBSCRIPTION-MANAGER" in virt-builder(1) for the
format of the "SELECTOR" field.
-
--sm-register (see "customize" below)
- Register the guest using "subscription-manager".
This requires credentials being set using --sm-credentials.
-
--sm-remove (see "customize" below)
- Remove all the subscriptions from the guest using
"subscription-manager".
-
--sm-unregister (see "customize"
below)
- Unregister the guest using
"subscription-manager".
-
--ssh-inject USER[:SELECTOR] (see
"customize" below)
- Inject an ssh key so the given "USER" will be
able to log in over ssh without supplying a password. The "USER"
must exist already in the guest.
See "SSH KEYS" in virt-builder(1) for the format of the
"SELECTOR" field.
You can have multiple --ssh-inject options, for different users and
also for more keys for each user.
-
--timezone TIMEZONE (see "customize"
below)
- Set the default timezone of the guest to
"TIMEZONE". Use a location string like
"Europe/London"
-
--touch FILE (see "customize" below)
- This command performs a touch(1)-like operation on
"FILE".
-
--truncate FILE (see "customize"
below)
- This command truncates "FILE" to a zero-length
file. The file must exist already.
-
--truncate-recursive PATH (see "customize"
below)
- This command recursively truncates all files under
"PATH" to zero-length.
-
--uninstall PKG,PKG.. (see "customize"
below)
- Uninstall the named packages (a comma-separated list).
These are removed during the image build using the guest’s package
manager (eg. apt, yum, etc.). Dependent packages may also need to be
uninstalled to satisfy the request.
See also --install, --update.
-
--update (see "customize" below)
- Do the equivalent of "yum update", "apt-get
upgrade", or whatever command is required to update the packages
already installed in the template to their latest versions.
See also --install, --uninstall.
-
--upload FILE:DEST (see "customize"
below)
- Upload local file "FILE" to destination
"DEST" in the disk image. File owner and permissions from the
original are preserved, so you should set them to what you want them to be
in the disk image.
"DEST" could be the final filename. This can be used to rename the
file on upload.
If "DEST" is a directory name (which must already exist in the
guest) then the file is uploaded into that directory, and it keeps the
same name as on the local filesystem.
See also: --mkdir, --delete, --scrub.
-
--write FILE:CONTENT (see "customize"
below)
- Write "CONTENT" to "FILE".
If the
--enable/
--operations option is
not given, then most
sysprep operations are enabled.
Use "virt-sysprep --list-operations" to list all operations for your
virt-sysprep binary. The ones which are enabled by default are marked with a
"*" character. Regardless of the
--enable/
--operations
options, sysprep operations are skipped for some guest types.
Operations can be individually enabled using the
--enable/
--operations options. Use a comma-separated list, for
example:
virt-sysprep --operations ssh-hostkeys,udev-persistent-net [etc..]
Future versions of virt-sysprep may add more operations. If you are using
virt-sysprep and want predictable behaviour, specify only the operations that
you want to have enabled.
"*" = enabled by default when no
--enable/
--operations
option is given.
ABRT
により生成されたクラッシュデータを削除します。
"/var/spool/abrt/"
に自動的に生成された
ABRT
クラッシュデータを削除します。
Remove editor backup files from the guest.
The following files are removed from anywhere in the guest filesystem:
- ·
- *.bak
- ·
- *~
On Linux and Unix operating systems, only the following filesystems will be
examined:
- ·
- /etc
- ·
- /root
- ·
- /srv
- ·
- /tmp
- ·
- /var
仮想マシンにおいて bash
履歴を削除します。
ユーザー "root"
および他のあらゆるユーザーのホームディレクトリーに
".bash_history"
ファイルを持つユーザーの
bash 履歴を削除します。
Notes on bash-history
Currently this only looks in "/root" and "/home/*" for home
directories, so users with home directories in other locations won't have the
bash history removed.
ゲストにある blkid
テーブルを削除します。
仮想マシンにおいて CA
証明書を削除します。
In case any certificate is removed, the system CA store is updated.
kexec-tools
により生成されたクラッシュデータを削除します。
自動的に生成された kdump
カーネルクラッシュデータを削除します。
ユーザーの at
ジョブおよび cron
ジョブを削除します。
Customize the guest.
Customize the guest by providing
virt-customize(1) options for installing
packages, editing files and so on.
DHCP
クライアントのリースを削除します。
DHCP
サーバーのリースを削除します。
Dovecot (メールサーバー)
のデータを削除します。
ファイアウォールルールを削除します。
This removes custom firewall rules by removing
"/etc/sysconfig/iptables" or custom firewalld configuration in
"/etc/firewalld/*/*".
Note this is
not enabled by default since it may expose guests to
exploits. Use with care.
Flag the system for reconfiguration.
For Linux guests, this touches "/.unconfigured", which causes the
first boot to interactively query the user for settings such as the root
password and timezone.
Change filesystem UUIDs.
On guests and filesystem types where this is supported, new random UUIDs are
generated and assigned to filesystems.
Notes on fs-uuids
The fs-uuids operation is disabled by default because it does not yet find and
update all the places in the guest that use the UUIDs. For example
"/etc/fstab" or the bootloader. Enabling this operation is more
likely than not to make your guest unbootable.
参照:
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=991641
Remove the IPA files.
Remove all the files related to an IPA (Identity, Policy, Audit) system. This
effectively unenrolls the guest from an IPA server without interacting with
it.
This operation does not run "ipa-client".
仮想マシンにおいて
Kerberos
のデータを削除します。
Remove the Kerberos host keytab file in the guest.
仮想マシンから多くのログファイルを削除します。
Linux
においては以下のファイルが削除されます:
- ·
- /etc/Pegasus/*.cnf
- ·
- /etc/Pegasus/*.crt
- ·
- /etc/Pegasus/*.csr
- ·
- /etc/Pegasus/*.pem
- ·
- /etc/Pegasus/*.srl
- ·
- /root/anaconda-ks.cfg
- ·
- /root/anaconda-post.log
- ·
- /root/initial-setup-ks.cfg
- ·
- /root/install.log
- ·
- /root/install.log.syslog
- ·
- /root/original-ks.cfg
- ·
- /var/cache/fontconfig/*
- ·
- /var/cache/gdm/*
- ·
- /var/cache/man/*
- ·
- /var/lib/AccountService/users/*
- ·
- /var/lib/fprint/*
- ·
- /var/lib/logrotate.status
- ·
- /var/log/*.log*
- ·
- /var/log/BackupPC/LOG
- ·
- /var/log/ConsoleKit/*
- ·
- /var/log/anaconda.syslog
- ·
- /var/log/anaconda/*
- ·
- /var/log/apache2/*_log
- ·
- /var/log/apache2/*_log-*
- ·
- /var/log/apt/*
- ·
- /var/log/aptitude*
- ·
- /var/log/audit/*
- ·
- /var/log/btmp*
- ·
- /var/log/ceph/*.log
- ·
- /var/log/chrony/*.log
- ·
- /var/log/cron*
- ·
- /var/log/cups/*_log*
- ·
- /var/log/debug*
- ·
- /var/log/dmesg*
- ·
- /var/log/exim4/*
- ·
- /var/log/faillog*
- ·
- /var/log/firewalld*
- ·
- /var/log/gdm/*
- ·
- /var/log/glusterfs/*glusterd.vol.log
- ·
- /var/log/glusterfs/glusterfs.log
- ·
- /var/log/grubby*
- ·
- /var/log/httpd/*log
- ·
- /var/log/installer/*
- ·
- /var/log/jetty/jetty-console.log
- ·
- /var/log/journal/*
- ·
- /var/log/lastlog*
- ·
- /var/log/libvirt/libvirtd.log
- ·
- /var/log/libvirt/libxl/*.log
- ·
- /var/log/libvirt/lxc/*.log
- ·
- /var/log/libvirt/qemu/*.log
- ·
- /var/log/libvirt/uml/*.log
- ·
- /var/log/lightdm/*
- ·
- /var/log/mail/*
- ·
- /var/log/maillog*
- ·
- /var/log/messages*
- ·
- /var/log/ntp
- ·
- /var/log/ntpstats/*
- ·
- /var/log/ppp/connect-errors
- ·
- /var/log/rhsm/*
- ·
- /var/log/sa/*
- ·
- /var/log/secure*
- ·
- /var/log/setroubleshoot/*.log
- ·
- /var/log/spooler*
- ·
- /var/log/squid/*.log
- ·
- /var/log/syslog*
- ·
- /var/log/tallylog*
- ·
- /var/log/tuned/tuned.log
- ·
- /var/log/wtmp*
- ·
- /var/log/xferlog*
- ·
- /var/named/data/named.run
LVM2 の PV および VG の UUID
を変更します。
LVM2 物理ボリューム (PV)
またはボリュームグループ
(VG) を持つ Linux
仮想マシンにおいて、新しいランダムな
UUID
が生成され、これらの
PV や VG
に割り当てられます。
ローカルマシン ID
を削除します。
The machine ID is usually generated from a random source during system
installation and stays constant for all subsequent boots. Optionally, for
stateless systems it is generated during runtime at boot if it is found to be
empty.
ローカルのメールスプールのディレクトリから電子メールを削除します。
Remove HOSTNAME and DHCP_HOSTNAME in network interface configuration.
Fedora および Red Hat Enterprise Linux
に対して、これは
"ifcfg-*"
ファイルから削除されます。
HWADDR (ハードコードされた
MAC アドレス)
設定を削除します。
Fedora および Red Hat Enterprise Linux
に対して、これは
"ifcfg-*"
ファイルから削除されます。
Remove system-local NetworkManager connection profiles (keyfiles).
On Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux, remove the
"/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/*.nmconnection" files.
プロセス・アカウンティングのログファイルを削除します。
プロセス・アカウンティングが有効になっていると、システム全体のプロセス・アカウンティングが
pacct
ログファイルに保存されます。
パッケージマネージャーのキャッシュを削除します。
ゲストにある PAM
データを削除します。
Remove /etc/passwd- and similar backup files.
Linux
においては以下のファイルが削除されます:
- ·
- /etc/group-
- ·
- /etc/gshadow-
- ·
- /etc/passwd-
- ·
- /etc/shadow-
- ·
- /etc/subgid-
- ·
- /etc/subuid-
Puppet
のデータおよびログファイルを削除します。
Remove the RH subscription manager files.
RHN システム ID
を削除します。
Remove host-specific RPM database files.
Remove host-specific RPM database files and locks. RPM will recreate these files
automatically if needed.
Samba
のデータベースおよびログファイルを削除します。
仮想マシンに対して任意のスクリプトを実行します。
The "script" module lets you run arbitrary shell scripts or programs
against the guest.
Note this feature requires FUSE support. You may have to enable this in your
host, for example by adding the current user to the "fuse" group, or
by loading a kernel module.
Use one or more
--script parameters to specify scripts or programs that
will be run against the guest.
The script or program is run with its current directory being the guest’s
root directory, so relative paths should be used. For example: "rm
etc/resolv.conf" in the script would remove a Linux guest’s DNS
configuration file, but "rm /etc/resolv.conf" would (try to) remove
the host’s file.
Normally a temporary mount point for the guest is used, but you can choose a
specific one by using the
--scriptdir parameter.
Note: This is different from
--firstboot scripts (which run in the
context of the guest when it is booting first time).
--script scripts
run on the host, not in the guest.
Smolt ハードウェア UUID
を削除します。
仮想マシンの SSH
ホストキーを削除します。
仮想マシンの次回起動時に（異なる）
SSH
ホストキーが再生成されます。
クローン後、仮想マシンが同じ
IP
アドレスを取得すると、ホストキーが変更されたという警告が
ssh により表示されます:
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!
仮想マシンにある
".ssh"
ディレクトリーを削除します。
ユーザー "root"
、およびホームディレクトリーに
".ssh"
ディレクトリーがある他のすべてのユーザーの、".ssh"
ディレクトリーを削除します。
Notes on ssh-userdir
Currently this only looks in "/root" and "/home/*" for home
directories, so users with home directories in other locations won't have the
ssh files removed.
SSSD
のデータベースとログファイルを削除します。
一時ファイルを削除します。
これは "/tmp" と "/var/tmp"
の中にある一時ファイルを削除します。
udev persistent net
ルールを削除します。
Remove udev persistent net rules which map the guest’s existing MAC
address to a fixed ethernet device (eg. eth0).
仮想マシンをクローンした後、通常
MAC
アドレスは変わります。古い
MAC
アドレスは古い名前（たとえば
eth0）を占有するため、このことは新しい
MAC
アドレスが新しい名前（たとえば
eth1）に割り当てられることを意味します。それは、一般的に好ましくありません。
udev の永続的な net
ルールを削除することにより、これを避けます。
仮想マシンにあるユーザーアカウントを削除します。
By default remove all the user accounts and their home directories. The
"root" account is not removed.
See the
--remove-user-accounts parameter for a way to specify how to
remove only some users, or to not remove some others.
utmp
ファイルを削除します。
This file records who is currently logged in on a machine. In modern Linux
distros it is stored in a ramdisk and hence not part of the virtual
machine’s disk, but it was stored on disk in older distros.
yum UUID を削除します。
yum は元々の UUID
が削除されたことを通知するとき、次の実行時に新しい
UUID を作成します。
virt-sysprep
は仮想マシンをクローンするプロセスの一部として使用できます。もしくは、クローンされた仮想マシンからテンプレートを準備するために使用できます。仮想化ツールを使用してこれを実現する他の方法がいろいろとあります。このセクションは単に概要を説明します。
仮想マシン（停止状態の場合）は
2
つの部分からなります:
- configuration
- 仮想マシンの設定または説明。
例: libvirt XML ("virsh dumpxml" 参照)
、仮想マシンの実行中の設定、または
OVF
のような他の外部形式。
いくつかの設定項目は変更する必要があるかもしれません:
- •
- 名前
- •
- UUID
- •
- ブロックデバイスへのパス
- •
- ネットワークカードの
MAC アドレス
- ブロックデバイス
- One or more hard disk images, themselves containing files,
directories, applications, kernels, configuration, etc.
Some things inside the block devices that might need to be changed:
- •
- ホスト名および他のネットワーク設定
- •
- UUID
- •
- SSH ホストキー
- •
- Windows
の一意なセキュリティ
ID (SID)
- •
- Puppet の登録
Starting with an original guest, you probably wish to copy the guest block
device and its configuration to make a template. Then once you are happy with
the template, you will want to make many clones from it.
virt-sysprep
|
v
元のゲスト --------> テンプレート ---------->
\------> クローン
\-----> 済みゲスト
\---->
もちろん、ホストにおいて
cp(1) または
dd(1)
を使用してブロックデバイスをコピーできます。
dd dd
元のゲスト --------> テンプレート ---------->
\------> クローン
\-----> 済みゲスト
\---->
よりスマート（かつ高速）な方法もあります:
snapshot
テンプレート ---------->
\------> クローン
\-----> 済みゲスト
\---->
You may want to run virt-sysprep twice, once to reset the guest (to make a
template) and a second time to customize the guest for a specific user:
virt-sysprep virt-sysprep
(リセット) (ユーザー、キー、ロゴの追加)
| |
dd v dd v
元の仮想マシン ----> テンプレート ----> コピー済み ------> カスタム
テンプレート 仮想マシン
- •
- Create a snapshot using qemu-img:
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o backing_file=original snapshot.qcow
The advantage is that you don’t need to copy the original (very fast)
and only changes are stored (less storage required).
Note that writing to the backing file once you have created guests on top of
it is not possible: you will corrupt the guests.
- •
- "lvcreate --snapshot"
を使用してスナップショットを作成します。
- •
- Other ways to create snapshots include using
filesystems-level tools (for filesystems such as btrfs).
Most Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices can also create cheap snapshots
from files or LUNs.
- •
- Get your NAS to duplicate the LUN. Most NAS devices can
also duplicate LUNs very cheaply (they copy them on-demand in the
background).
- •
-
virt-sparsify(1)
を使用してテンプレートを準備します。以下を参照してください。
A separate tool,
virt-clone(1), can be used to duplicate the block device
and/or modify the external libvirt configuration of a guest. It will reset the
name, UUID and MAC address of the guest in the libvirt XML.
virt-clone(1) does not use libguestfs and cannot look inside the disk
image. This was the original motivation to write virt-sysprep.
virt-sparsify
元のゲスト --------> テンプレート
virt-sparsify(1) can be used to make the cloning template smaller, making
it easier to compress and/or faster to copy.
Notice that since virt-sparsify also copies the image, you can use it to make
the initial copy (instead of "dd").
virt-resize
テンプレート ---------->
\------> クローン
\-----> 済みゲスト
\---->
If you want to give people cloned guests, but let them pick the size of the
guest themselves (eg. depending on how much they are prepared to pay for disk
space), then instead of copying the template, you can run
virt-resize(1). Virt-resize performs a copy and resize, and thus is
ideal for cloning guests from a template.
The two options
--firstboot and
--script both supply shell scripts
that are run against the guest. However these two options are significantly
different.
--firstboot script uploads the file "script" into the guest and
arranges that it will run, in the guest, when the guest is next booted. (The
script will only run once, at the "first boot").
--script script runs the shell "script"
on the host,
with its current directory inside the guest filesystem.
If you needed, for example, to "yum install" new packages, then you
must not use
--script for this, since that would (a) run the
"yum" command on the host and (b) wouldn't have access to the same
resources (repositories, keys, etc.) as the guest. Any command that needs to
run on the guest
must be run via
--firstboot.
On the other hand if you need to make adjustments to the guest filesystem (eg.
copying in files), then
--script is ideal since (a) it has access to
the host filesystem and (b) you will get immediate feedback on errors.
Either or both options can be used multiple times on the command line.
Although virt-sysprep removes some sensitive information from the guest, it does
not pretend to remove all of it. You should examine the "OPERATIONS"
above and the guest afterwards.
Sensitive files are simply removed. The data they contained may still exist on
the disk, easily recovered with a hex editor or undelete tool. The
--scrub option can be used to scrub files instead of just deleting
them.
virt-sparsify(1) is another way to remove this content. See also
the
scrub(1) command to get rid of deleted content in directory entries
and inodes.
(このセクションは Linux
仮想マシンのみに適用します)
For supported guests, virt-sysprep writes a few bytes of randomness from the
host into the guest’s random seed file.
If this is just done once and the guest is cloned from the same template, then
each guest will start with the same entropy, and things like SSH host keys and
TCP sequence numbers may be predictable.
Therefore you should arrange to add more randomness
after cloning from a
template too, which can be done by enabling just the customize module:
cp template.img newguest.img
virt-sysprep --enable customize -a newguest.img
For guests which make use of SELinux, special handling for them might be needed
when using operations which create new files or alter existing ones.
For further details, see "SELINUX" in
virt-builder(1).
Windows 8 "fast startup" can prevent virt-sysprep from working. See
"WINDOWS HIBERNATION AND WINDOWS 8 FAST STARTUP" in
guestfs(3).
このプログラムは、成功すると
0
を返します。または、エラーが起きると
1 を返します。
- "VIRT_TOOLS_DATA_DIR"
- This can point to the directory containing data files used
for Windows firstboot installation.
Normally you do not need to set this. If not set, a compiled-in default will
be used (something like /usr/share/virt-tools).
This directory may contain the following files:
- rhsrvany.exe
- This is the RHSrvAny Windows binary, used to install a
"firstboot" script in Windows guests. It is required if you
intend to use the --firstboot or --firstboot-command options
with Windows guests.
See also: "https://github.com/rwmjones/rhsrvany"
- pvvxsvc.exe
- This is a Windows binary shipped with SUSE VMDP, used to
install a "firstboot" script in Windows guests. It is required
if you intend to use the --firstboot or --firstboot-command
options with Windows guests.
他の環境変数は
"環境変数" in
guestfs(3)
を参照してください。
guestfs(3),
guestfish(1),
virt-builder(1),
virt-clone(1),
virt-customize(1),
virt-rescue(1),
virt-resize(1),
virt-sparsify(1),
virsh(1),
lvcreate(8),
qemu-img(1),
scrub(1),
http://libguestfs.org/,
http://libvirt.org/.
Richard W.M. Jones
http://people.redhat.com/~rjones/
Wanlong Gao, Fujitsu Ltd.
Copyright (C) 2011-2020 Red Hat Inc.
Copyright (C) 2012 Fujitsu Ltd.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin
Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
To get a list of bugs against libguestfs, use this link:
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/buglist.cgi?component=libguestfs&product=Virtualization+Tools
To report a new bug against libguestfs, use this link:
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?component=libguestfs&product=Virtualization+Tools
When reporting a bug, please supply:
- •
- The version of libguestfs.
- •
- Where you got libguestfs (eg. which Linux distro, compiled
from source, etc)
- •
- Describe the bug accurately and give a way to reproduce
it.
- •
- Run libguestfs-test-tool(1) and paste the
complete, unedited output into the bug report.