join - join lines of two files on a common field
join [
OPTION]...
FILE1 FILE2
For each pair of input lines with identical join fields, write a line to
standard output. The default join field is the first, delimited by blanks.
When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standard input.
-
-a FILENUM
- also print unpairable lines from file FILENUM, where
FILENUM is 1 or 2, corresponding to FILE1 or FILE2
-
-e STRING
- replace missing (empty) input fields with STRING; I.e.,
missing fields specified with '-12jo' options
-
-i, --ignore-case
- ignore differences in case when comparing fields
-
-j FIELD
- equivalent to '-1 FIELD -2 FIELD'
-
-o FORMAT
- obey FORMAT while constructing output line
-
-t CHAR
- use CHAR as input and output field separator
-
-v FILENUM
- like -a FILENUM, but suppress joined output
lines
-
-1 FIELD
- join on this FIELD of file 1
-
-2 FIELD
- join on this FIELD of file 2
- --check-order
- check that the input is correctly sorted, even if all input
lines are pairable
- --nocheck-order
- do not check that the input is correctly sorted
- --header
- treat the first line in each file as field headers, print
them without trying to pair them
-
-z, --zero-terminated
- line delimiter is NUL, not newline
- --help
- display this help and exit
- --version
- output version information and exit
Unless
-t CHAR is given, leading blanks separate fields and are ignored,
else fields are separated by CHAR. Any FIELD is a field number counted from 1.
FORMAT is one or more comma or blank separated specifications, each being
'FILENUM.FIELD' or '0'. Default FORMAT outputs the join field, the remaining
fields from FILE1, the remaining fields from FILE2, all separated by CHAR. If
FORMAT is the keyword 'auto', then the first line of each file determines the
number of fields output for each line.
Important: FILE1 and FILE2 must be sorted on the join fields. E.g., use
"sort
-k 1b,1" if 'join' has no options, or use "join
-t ''" if 'sort' has no options. Note, comparisons honor the rules
specified by 'LC_COLLATE'. If the input is not sorted and some lines cannot be
joined, a warning message will be given.
Written by Mike Haertel.
GNU coreutils online help: <
https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report any translation bugs to <
https://translationproject.org/team/>
Copyright © 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL
version 3 or later <
https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO
WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
comm(1),
uniq(1)
Full documentation <
https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/join>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) join invocation'