NAME
last, lastb - show a listing of last logged in usersSYNOPSIS
last [options] [username...] [tty...]DESCRIPTION
last searches back through the /var/log/wtmp file (or the file designated by the -f option) and displays a list of all users logged in (and out) since that file was created. One or more usernames and/or ttys can be given, in which case last will show only the entries matching those arguments. Names of ttys can be abbreviated, thus last 0 is the same as last tty0.OPTIONS
-a, --hostlastDisplay the hostname in the last column.
Useful in combination with the --dns option.
For non-local logins, Linux stores not only
the host name of the remote host, but its IP number as well. This option
translates the IP number back into a hostname.
Tell last to use a specific file
instead of /var/log/wtmp. The --file option can be given
multiple times, and all of the specified files will be processed.
Print full login and logout times and
dates.
Like --dns , but displays the
host’s IP number instead of the name.
Tell last how many lines to show.
Display the users who were present at the
specified time. This is like using the options --since and
--until together with the same time.
Suppresses the display of the hostname
field.
Display the state of logins since the
specified time. This is useful, e.g., to easily determine who was
logged in at a particular time. The option is often combined with
--until.
Display the state of logins until the
specified time.
Define the output timestamp format to
be one of notime, short, full, or iso. The
notime variant will not print any timestamps at all, short is
the default, and full is the same as the --fulltimes option. The
iso variant will display the timestamp in ISO-8601 format. The ISO
format contains timezone information, making it preferable when printouts are
investigated outside of the system.
Display full user names and domain names in
the output.
Display the system shutdown entries and run
level changes.
Display help text and exit.
Print version and exit.
TIME FORMATS
The options that take the time argument understand the following formats:YYYYMMDDhhmmss | |
YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss | |
YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm | (seconds will be set to 00) |
YYYY-MM-DD | (time will be set to 00:00:00) |
hh:mm:ss | (date will be set to today) |
hh:mm | (date will be set to today, seconds to 00) |
now | |
yesterday | (time is set to 00:00:00) |
today | (time is set to 00:00:00) |
tomorrow | (time is set to 00:00:00) |
+5min | |
-5days |
FILES
/var/log/wtmp, /var/log/btmpNOTES
The files wtmp and btmp might not be found. The system only logs information in these files if they are present. This is a local configuration issue. If you want the files to be used, they can be created with a simple touch(1) command (for example, touch /var/log/wtmp).AUTHORS
Miquel <[email protected]>vanSEE ALSO
login(1), wtmp(5), init(8), shutdown(8)REPORTING BUGS
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at <https://github.com/util-linux/util-linux/issues>.AVAILABILITY
The last command is part of the util-linux package which can be downloaded from Linux Kernel Archive <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>.2022-05-11 | util-linux 2.38.1 |