NAME
sd_notify, sd_notifyf, sd_pid_notify, sd_pid_notifyf, sd_pid_notify_with_fds, sd_notify_barrier - Notify service manager about start-up completion and other service status changesSYNOPSIS
#include <systemd/sd-daemon.h>
int
sd_notify(int unset_environment,
const char *state);
int
sd_notifyf(int unset_environment,
const char *format, ...);
int
sd_pid_notify(pid_t pid,
int unset_environment,
const char *state);
int
sd_pid_notifyf(pid_t pid,
int unset_environment,
const char *format, ...);
int
sd_pid_notify_with_fds(pid_t pid,
int unset_environment,
const char *state,
const int *fds,
unsigned n_fds);
int
sd_notify_barrier(int unset_environment,
uint64_t timeout);
DESCRIPTION
sd_notify() may be called by a service to notify the service manager about state changes. It can be used to send arbitrary information, encoded in an environment-block-like string. Most importantly, it can be used for start-up completion notification. If the unset_environment parameter is non-zero, sd_notify() will unset the $NOTIFY_SOCKET environment variable before returning (regardless of whether the function call itself succeeded or not). Further calls to sd_notify() will then fail, but the variable is no longer inherited by child processes. The state parameter should contain a newline-separated list of variable assignments, similar in style to an environment block. A trailing newline is implied if none is specified. The string may contain any kind of variable assignments, but the following shall be considered well-known: READY=1Tells the service manager that service startup
is finished, or the service finished loading its configuration. This is only
used by systemd if the service definition file has Type=notify set.
Since there is little value in signaling non-readiness, the only value
services should send is "READY=1" (i.e. "READY=0" is not
defined).
RELOADING=1
Tells the service manager that the service is
reloading its configuration. This is useful to allow the service manager to
track the service's internal state, and present it to the user. Note that a
service that sends this notification must also send a "READY=1"
notification when it completed reloading its configuration. Reloads are
propagated in the same way as they are when initiated by the user.
STOPPING=1
Tells the service manager that the service is
beginning its shutdown. This is useful to allow the service manager to track
the service's internal state, and present it to the user.
STATUS=...
Passes a single-line UTF-8 status string back
to the service manager that describes the service state. This is free-form and
can be used for various purposes: general state feedback, fsck-like programs
could pass completion percentages and failing programs could pass a
human-readable error message. Example: "STATUS=Completed 66% of file
system check..."
ERRNO=...
If a service fails, the errno-style error
code, formatted as string. Example: "ERRNO=2" for ENOENT.
BUSERROR=...
If a service fails, the D-Bus error-style
error code. Example:
"BUSERROR=org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.TimedOut"
MAINPID=...
The main process ID (PID) of the service, in
case the service manager did not fork off the process itself. Example:
"MAINPID=4711"
WATCHDOG=1
Tells the service manager to update the
watchdog timestamp. This is the keep-alive ping that services need to issue in
regular intervals if WatchdogSec= is enabled for it. See
systemd.service(5) for information how to enable this functionality and
sd_watchdog_enabled(3) for the details of how the service can check
whether the watchdog is enabled.
WATCHDOG=trigger
Tells the service manager that the service
detected an internal error that should be handled by the configured watchdog
options. This will trigger the same behaviour as if WatchdogSec= is
enabled and the service did not send "WATCHDOG=1" in time. Note that
WatchdogSec= does not need to be enabled for
"WATCHDOG=trigger" to trigger the watchdog action. See
systemd.service(5) for information about the watchdog behavior.
WATCHDOG_USEC=...
Reset watchdog_usec value during
runtime. Notice that this is not available when using
sd_event_set_watchdog() or sd_watchdog_enabled(). Example :
"WATCHDOG_USEC=20000000"
EXTEND_TIMEOUT_USEC=...
Tells the service manager to extend the
startup, runtime or shutdown service timeout corresponding the current state.
The value specified is a time in microseconds during which the service must
send a new message. A service timeout will occur if the message isn't
received, but only if the runtime of the current state is beyond the original
maximum times of TimeoutStartSec=, RuntimeMaxSec=, and
TimeoutStopSec=. See systemd.service(5) for effects on the
service timeouts.
FDSTORE=1
Stores additional file descriptors in the
service manager. File descriptors sent this way will be maintained per-service
by the service manager and will later be handed back using the usual file
descriptor passing logic at the next invocation of the service (e.g. when it
is restarted), see sd_listen_fds(3). This is useful for implementing
services that can restart after an explicit request or a crash without losing
state. Any open sockets and other file descriptors which should not be closed
during the restart may be stored this way. Application state can either be
serialized to a file in /run/, or better, stored in a memfd_create(2)
memory file descriptor. Note that the service manager will accept messages for
a service only if its FileDescriptorStoreMax= setting is non-zero
(defaults to zero, see systemd.service(5)). If FDPOLL=0 is not
set and the file descriptors sent are pollable (see epoll_ctl(2)), then
any EPOLLHUP or EPOLLERR event seen on them will result in their
automatic removal from the store. Multiple arrays of file descriptors may be
sent in separate messages, in which case the arrays are combined. Note that
the service manager removes duplicate (pointing to the same object) file
descriptors before passing them to the service. When a service is stopped, its
file descriptor store is discarded and all file descriptors in it are closed.
Use sd_pid_notify_with_fds() to send messages with
"FDSTORE=1", see below.
FDSTOREREMOVE=1
Removes file descriptors from the file
descriptor store. This field needs to be combined with FDNAME= to
specify the name of the file descriptors to remove.
FDNAME=...
When used in combination with
FDSTORE=1, specifies a name for the submitted file descriptors. When
used with FDSTOREREMOVE=1, specifies the name for the file descriptors
to remove. This name is passed to the service during activation, and may be
queried using sd_listen_fds_with_names(3). File descriptors submitted
without this field set, will implicitly get the name "stored"
assigned. Note that, if multiple file descriptors are submitted at once, the
specified name will be assigned to all of them. In order to assign different
names to submitted file descriptors, submit them in separate invocations of
sd_pid_notify_with_fds(). The name may consist of arbitrary ASCII
characters except control characters or ":". It may not be longer
than 255 characters. If a submitted name does not follow these restrictions,
it is ignored.
FDPOLL=0
When used in combination with
FDSTORE=1, disables polling of the stored file descriptors regardless
of whether or not they are pollable. As this option disables automatic cleanup
of the stored file descriptors on EPOLLERR and EPOLLHUP, care must be taken to
ensure proper manual cleanup. Use of this option is not generally recommended
except for when automatic cleanup has unwanted behavior such as prematurely
discarding file descriptors from the store.
BARRIER=1
Tells the service manager that the client is
explicitly requesting synchronization by means of closing the file descriptor
sent with this command. The service manager guarantees that the processing of
a BARRIER=1 command will only happen after all previous notification
messages sent before this command have been processed. Hence, this command
accompanied with a single file descriptor can be used to synchronize against
reception of all previous status messages. Note that this command cannot be
mixed with other notifications, and has to be sent in a separate message to
the service manager, otherwise all assignments will be ignored. Note that
sending 0 or more than 1 file descriptor with this command is a violation of
the protocol.
It is recommended to prefix variable names that are not listed above with
X_ to avoid namespace clashes.
Note that systemd will accept status data sent from a service only if the
NotifyAccess= option is correctly set in the service definition file.
See systemd.service(5) for details.
Note that sd_notify() notifications may be attributed to units correctly
only if either the sending process is still around at the time PID 1 processes
the message, or if the sending process is explicitly runtime-tracked by the
service manager. The latter is the case if the service manager originally
forked off the process, i.e. on all processes that match
NotifyAccess=main or NotifyAccess=exec.
Conversely, if an auxiliary process of the unit sends an sd_notify()
message and immediately exits, the service manager might not be able to
properly attribute the message to the unit, and thus will ignore it, even if
NotifyAccess=all is set for it.
Hence, to eliminate all race conditions involving lookup of the client's unit
and attribution of notifications to units correctly,
sd_notify_barrier() may be used. This call acts as a synchronization
point and ensures all notifications sent before this call have been picked up
by the service manager when it returns successfully. Use of
sd_notify_barrier() is needed for clients which are not invoked by the
service manager, otherwise this synchronization mechanism is unnecessary for
attribution of notifications to the unit.
sd_notifyf() is similar to sd_notify() but takes a
printf()-like format string plus arguments.
sd_pid_notify() and sd_pid_notifyf() are similar to
sd_notify() and sd_notifyf() but take a process ID (PID) to use
as originating PID for the message as first argument. This is useful to send
notification messages on behalf of other processes, provided the appropriate
privileges are available. If the PID argument is specified as 0, the process
ID of the calling process is used, in which case the calls are fully
equivalent to sd_notify() and sd_notifyf().
sd_pid_notify_with_fds() is similar to sd_pid_notify() but takes
an additional array of file descriptors. These file descriptors are sent along
the notification message to the service manager. This is particularly useful
for sending "FDSTORE=1" messages, as described above. The additional
arguments are a pointer to the file descriptor array plus the number of file
descriptors in the array. If the number of file descriptors is passed as 0,
the call is fully equivalent to sd_pid_notify(), i.e. no file
descriptors are passed. Note that sending file descriptors to the service
manager on messages that do not expect them (i.e. without
"FDSTORE=1") they are immediately closed on reception.
sd_notify_barrier() allows the caller to synchronize against reception of
previously sent notification messages and uses the BARRIER=1 command.
It takes a relative timeout value in microseconds which is passed to
ppoll(2). A value of UINT64_MAX is interpreted as infinite timeout.
RETURN VALUE
On failure, these calls return a negative errno-style error code. If $NOTIFY_SOCKET was not set and hence no status message could be sent, 0 is returned. If the status was sent, these functions return a positive value. In order to support both service managers that implement this scheme and those which do not, it is generally recommended to ignore the return value of this call. Note that the return value simply indicates whether the notification message was enqueued properly, it does not reflect whether the message could be processed successfully. Specifically, no error is returned when a file descriptor is attempted to be stored using FDSTORE=1 but the service is not actually configured to permit storing of file descriptors (see above).NOTES
These APIs are implemented as a shared library, which can be compiled and linked to with the libsystemd pkg-config(1) file. These functions send a single datagram with the state string as payload to the AF_UNIX socket referenced in the $NOTIFY_SOCKET environment variable. If the first character of $NOTIFY_SOCKET is "@", the string is understood as Linux abstract namespace socket. The datagram is accompanied by the process credentials of the sending service, using SCM_CREDENTIALS.ENVIRONMENT
$NOTIFY_SOCKETSet by the service manager for supervised
processes for status and start-up completion notification. This environment
variable specifies the socket sd_notify() talks to. See above for
details.
EXAMPLES
Example 1. Start-up Notification When a service finished starting up, it might issue the following call to notify the service manager:sd_notify(0, "READY=1");
sd_notifyf(0, "READY=1\n" "STATUS=Processing requests...\n" "MAINPID=%lu", (unsigned long) getpid());
sd_notifyf(0, "STATUS=Failed to start up: %s\n" "ERRNO=%i", strerror_r(errnum, (char[1024]){}, 1024), errnum);
sd_pid_notify_with_fds(0, 0, "FDSTORE=1\nFDNAME=foobar", &fd, 1);
sd_notify(0, "READY=1"); /* set timeout to 5 seconds */ sd_notify_barrier(0, 5 * 1000000);
SEE ALSO
systemd(1), sd-daemon(3), sd_listen_fds(3), sd_listen_fds_with_names(3), sd_watchdog_enabled(3), daemon(7), systemd.service(5)systemd 252 |