NAME
systemd.netdev - Virtual Network Device configurationSYNOPSIS
netdev.netdevDESCRIPTION
A plain ini-style text file that encodes configuration about a virtual network device, used by systemd-networkd(8). See systemd.syntax(7) for a general description of the syntax. The main Virtual Network Device file must have the extension .netdev; other extensions are ignored. Virtual network devices are created as soon as networkd is started. If a netdev with the specified name already exists, networkd will use that as-is rather than create its own. Note that the settings of the pre-existing netdev will not be changed by networkd. The .netdev files are read from the files located in the system network directory /lib/systemd/network and /usr/local/lib/systemd/network, the volatile runtime network directory /run/systemd/network and the local administration network directory /etc/systemd/network. All configuration files are collectively sorted and processed in alphanumeric order, regardless of the directories in which they live. However, files with identical filenames replace each other. It is recommended that each filename is prefixed with a number (e.g. 10-vlan.netdev). Otherwise, .netdev files generated by systemd-network-generator.service(8) may take precedence over user configured files. Files in /etc/ have the highest priority, files in /run/ take precedence over files with the same name in /lib/. This can be used to override a system-supplied configuration file with a local file if needed. As a special case, an empty file (file size 0) or symlink with the same name pointing to /dev/null disables the configuration file entirely (it is "masked"). Along with the netdev file foo.netdev, a "drop-in" directory foo.netdev.d/ may exist. All files with the suffix ".conf" from this directory will be merged in the alphanumeric order and parsed after the main file itself has been parsed. This is useful to alter or add configuration settings, without having to modify the main configuration file. Each drop-in file must have appropriate section headers. In addition to /etc/systemd/network, drop-in ".d" directories can be placed in /lib/systemd/network or /run/systemd/network directories. Drop-in files in /etc/ take precedence over those in /run/ which in turn take precedence over those in /lib/. Drop-in files under any of these directories take precedence over the main netdev file wherever located. (Of course, since /run/ is temporary and /usr/lib/ is for vendors, it is unlikely drop-ins should be used in either of those places.)SUPPORTED NETDEV KINDS
The following kinds of virtual network devices may be configured in .netdev files:Kind | Description |
bond | A bond device is an aggregation of all its slave devices. See Linux Ethernet Bonding Driver HOWTO[1] for details. |
bridge | A bridge device is a software switch, and each of its slave devices and the bridge itself are ports of the switch. |
dummy | A dummy device drops all packets sent to it. |
gre | A Level 3 GRE tunnel over IPv4. See RFC 2784[2] for details. Name "gre0" should not be used, as the kernel creates a device with this name when the corresponding kernel module is loaded. |
gretap | A Level 2 GRE tunnel over IPv4. Name "gretap0" should not be used, as the kernel creates a device with this name when the corresponding kernel module is loaded. |
erspan | ERSPAN mirrors traffic on one or more source ports and delivers the mirrored traffic to one or more destination ports on another switch. The traffic is encapsulated in generic routing encapsulation (GRE) and is therefore routable across a layer 3 network between the source switch and the destination switch. Name "erspan0" should not be used, as the kernel creates a device with this name when the corresponding kernel module is loaded. |
ip6gre | A Level 3 GRE tunnel over IPv6. |
ip6tnl | An IPv4 or IPv6 tunnel over IPv6 |
ip6gretap | A Level 2 GRE tunnel over IPv6. |
ipip | An IPv4 over IPv4 tunnel. |
ipvlan | An IPVLAN device is a stacked device which receives packets from its underlying device based on IP address filtering. |
ipvtap | An IPVTAP device is a stacked device which receives packets from its underlying device based on IP address filtering and can be accessed using the tap user space interface. |
macvlan | A macvlan device is a stacked device which receives packets from its underlying device based on MAC address filtering. |
macvtap | A macvtap device is a stacked device which receives packets from its underlying device based on MAC address filtering. |
sit | An IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel. |
tap | A persistent Level 2 tunnel between a network device and a device node. |
tun | A persistent Level 3 tunnel between a network device and a device node. |
veth | An Ethernet tunnel between a pair of network devices. |
vlan | A VLAN is a stacked device which receives packets from its underlying device based on VLAN tagging. See IEEE 802.1Q[3] for details. |
vti | An IPv4 over IPSec tunnel. |
vti6 | An IPv6 over IPSec tunnel. |
vxlan | A virtual extensible LAN (vxlan), for connecting Cloud computing deployments. |
geneve | A GEneric NEtwork Virtualization Encapsulation (GENEVE) netdev driver. |
l2tp | A Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is a tunneling protocol used to support virtual private networks (VPNs) or as part of the delivery of services by ISPs. It does not provide any encryption or confidentiality by itself |
macsec | Media Access Control Security (MACsec) is an 802.1AE IEEE industry-standard security technology that provides secure communication for all traffic on Ethernet links. MACsec provides point-to-point security on Ethernet links between directly connected nodes and is capable of identifying and preventing most security threats. |
vrf | A Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF[4]) interface to create separate routing and forwarding domains. |
vcan | The virtual CAN driver (vcan). Similar to the network loopback devices, vcan offers a virtual local CAN interface. |
vxcan | The virtual CAN tunnel driver (vxcan). Similar to the virtual ethernet driver veth, vxcan implements a local CAN traffic tunnel between two virtual CAN network devices. When creating a vxcan, two vxcan devices are created as pair. When one end receives the packet it appears on its pair and vice versa. The vxcan can be used for cross namespace communication. |
wireguard | WireGuard Secure Network Tunnel. |
nlmon | A Netlink monitor device. Use an nlmon device when you want to monitor system Netlink messages. |
fou | Foo-over-UDP tunneling. |
xfrm | A virtual tunnel interface like vti/vti6 but with several advantages. |
ifb | The Intermediate Functional Block (ifb) pseudo network interface acts as a QoS concentrator for multiple different sources of traffic. |
bareudp | Bare UDP tunnels provide a generic L3 encapsulation support for tunnelling different L3 protocols like MPLS, IP etc. inside of an UDP tunnel. |
batadv | B.A.T.M.A.N. Advanced[5] is a routing protocol for multi-hop mobile ad-hoc networks which operates on layer 2. |
ipoib | An IP over Infiniband subinterface. |
wlan | A virtual wireless network (WLAN) interface. |
[MATCH] SECTION OPTIONS
A virtual network device is only created if the [Match] section matches the current environment, or if the section is empty. The following keys are accepted:Matches against the hostname or machine ID of
the host. See ConditionHost= in systemd.unit(5) for details.
When prefixed with an exclamation mark ("!"), the result is negated.
If an empty string is assigned, the previously assigned value is
cleared.
Virtualization=
Checks whether the system is executed in a
virtualized environment and optionally test whether it is a specific
implementation. See ConditionVirtualization= in systemd.unit(5)
for details. When prefixed with an exclamation mark ("!"), the
result is negated. If an empty string is assigned, the previously assigned
value is cleared.
KernelCommandLine=
Checks whether a specific kernel command line
option is set. See ConditionKernelCommandLine= in
systemd.unit(5) for details. When prefixed with an exclamation mark
("!"), the result is negated. If an empty string is assigned, the
previously assigned value is cleared.
KernelVersion=
Checks whether the kernel version (as reported
by uname -r) matches a certain expression. See
ConditionKernelVersion= in systemd.unit(5) for details. When
prefixed with an exclamation mark ("!"), the result is negated. If
an empty string is assigned, the previously assigned value is cleared.
Credential=
Checks whether the specified credential was
passed to the systemd-networkd.service service. See System and Service
Credentials[6] for details. When prefixed with an exclamation mark
("!"), the result is negated. If an empty string is assigned, the
previously assigned value is cleared.
Architecture=
Checks whether the system is running on a
specific architecture. See ConditionArchitecture= in
systemd.unit(5) for details. When prefixed with an exclamation mark
("!"), the result is negated. If an empty string is assigned, the
previously assigned value is cleared.
Firmware=
Checks whether the system is running on a
machine with the specified firmware. See ConditionFirmware= in
systemd.unit(5) for details. When prefixed with an exclamation mark
("!"), the result is negated. If an empty string is assigned, the
previously assigned value is cleared.
[NETDEV] SECTION OPTIONS
The [NetDev] section accepts the following keys: Description=A free-form description of the netdev.
Name=
The interface name used when creating the
netdev. This setting is compulsory.
Kind=
The netdev kind. This setting is compulsory.
See the "Supported netdev kinds" section for the valid keys.
MTUBytes=
The maximum transmission unit in bytes to set
for the device. The usual suffixes K, M, G are supported and are understood to
the base of 1024. For "tun" or "tap" devices,
MTUBytes= setting is not currently supported in [NetDev] section.
Please specify it in [Link] section of corresponding systemd.network(5)
files.
MACAddress=
Specifies the MAC address to use for the
device, or takes the special value "none". When "none",
systemd-networkd does not request the MAC address for the device, and
the kernel will assign a random MAC address. For "tun",
"tap", or "l2tp" devices, the MACAddress= setting
in the [NetDev] section is not supported and will be ignored. Please specify
it in the [Link] section of the corresponding systemd.network(5) file.
If this option is not set, "vlan" device inherits the MAC address of
the master interface. For other kind of netdevs, if this option is not set,
then the MAC address is generated based on the interface name and the
machine-id(5).
Note, even if "none" is specified, systemd-udevd will assign
the persistent MAC address for the device, as 99-default.link has
MACAddressPolicy=persistent. So, it is also necessary to create a
custom .link file for the device, if the MAC address assignment is not
desired.
[BRIDGE] SECTION OPTIONS
The [Bridge] section only applies for netdevs of kind "bridge", and accepts the following keys: HelloTimeSec=HelloTimeSec specifies the number of seconds
between two hello packets sent out by the root bridge and the designated
bridges. Hello packets are used to communicate information about the topology
throughout the entire bridged local area network.
MaxAgeSec=
MaxAgeSec specifies the number of seconds of
maximum message age. If the last seen (received) hello packet is more than
this number of seconds old, the bridge in question will start the takeover
procedure in attempt to become the Root Bridge itself.
ForwardDelaySec=
ForwardDelaySec specifies the number of
seconds spent in each of the Listening and Learning states before the
Forwarding state is entered.
AgeingTimeSec=
This specifies the number of seconds a MAC
Address will be kept in the forwarding database after having a packet received
from this MAC Address.
Priority=
The priority of the bridge. An integer between
0 and 65535. A lower value means higher priority. The bridge having the lowest
priority will be elected as root bridge.
GroupForwardMask=
A 16-bit bitmask represented as an integer
which allows forwarding of link local frames with 802.1D reserved addresses
(01:80:C2:00:00:0X). A logical AND is performed between the specified bitmask
and the exponentiation of 2^X, the lower nibble of the last octet of the MAC
address. For example, a value of 8 would allow forwarding of frames addressed
to 01:80:C2:00:00:03 (802.1X PAE).
DefaultPVID=
This specifies the default port VLAN ID of a
newly attached bridge port. Set this to an integer in the range 1...4094 or
"none" to disable the PVID.
MulticastQuerier=
Takes a boolean. This setting controls the
IFLA_BR_MCAST_QUERIER option in the kernel. If enabled, the kernel will send
general ICMP queries from a zero source address. This feature should allow
faster convergence on startup, but it causes some multicast-aware switches to
misbehave and disrupt forwarding of multicast packets. When unset, the
kernel's default will be used.
MulticastSnooping=
Takes a boolean. This setting controls the
IFLA_BR_MCAST_SNOOPING option in the kernel. If enabled, IGMP snooping
monitors the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) traffic between hosts
and multicast routers. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
VLANFiltering=
Takes a boolean. This setting controls the
IFLA_BR_VLAN_FILTERING option in the kernel. If enabled, the bridge will be
started in VLAN-filtering mode. When unset, the kernel's default will be
used.
VLANProtocol=
Allows setting the protocol used for VLAN
filtering. Takes 802.1q or, 802.1ad, and defaults to unset and
kernel's default is used.
STP=
Takes a boolean. This enables the bridge's
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). When unset, the kernel's default will be
used.
MulticastIGMPVersion=
Allows changing bridge's multicast Internet
Group Management Protocol (IGMP) version. Takes an integer 2 or 3. When unset,
the kernel's default will be used.
[VLAN] SECTION OPTIONS
The [VLAN] section only applies for netdevs of kind "vlan", and accepts the following key: Id=The VLAN ID to use. An integer in the range
0...4094. This setting is compulsory.
Protocol=
Allows setting the protocol used for the VLAN
interface. Takes "802.1q" or, "802.1ad", and defaults to
unset and kernel's default is used.
GVRP=
Takes a boolean. The Generic VLAN Registration
Protocol (GVRP) is a protocol that allows automatic learning of VLANs on a
network. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
MVRP=
Takes a boolean. Multiple VLAN Registration
Protocol (MVRP) formerly known as GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) is a
standards-based Layer 2 network protocol, for automatic configuration of VLAN
information on switches. It was defined in the 802.1ak amendment to
802.1Q-2005. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
LooseBinding=
Takes a boolean. The VLAN loose binding mode,
in which only the operational state is passed from the parent to the
associated VLANs, but the VLAN device state is not changed. When unset, the
kernel's default will be used.
ReorderHeader=
Takes a boolean. When enabled, the VLAN
reorder header is used and VLAN interfaces behave like physical interfaces.
When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
EgressQOSMaps=, IngressQOSMaps=
Defines a mapping of Linux internal packet
priority ( SO_PRIORITY) to VLAN header PCP field for outgoing and
incoming frames, respectively. Takes a whitespace-separated list of integer
pairs, where each integer must be in the range 1...4294967294, in the format
"from"-"to", e.g., "21-7 45-5". Note that
"from" must be greater than or equal to "to". When unset,
the kernel's default will be used.
[MACVLAN] SECTION OPTIONS
The [MACVLAN] section only applies for netdevs of kind "macvlan", and accepts the following key: Mode=The MACVLAN mode to use. The supported options
are "private", "vepa", "bridge",
"passthru", and "source".
SourceMACAddress=
A whitespace-separated list of remote hardware
addresses allowed on the MACVLAN. This option only has an effect in source
mode. Use full colon-, hyphen- or dot-delimited hexadecimal. This option may
appear more than once, in which case the lists are merged. If the empty string
is assigned to this option, the list of hardware addresses defined prior to
this is reset. Defaults to unset.
BroadcastMulticastQueueLength=
Specifies the length of the receive queue for
broadcast/multicast packets. An unsigned integer in the range 0...4294967294.
Defaults to unset.
[MACVTAP] SECTION OPTIONS
The [MACVTAP] section applies for netdevs of kind "macvtap" and accepts the same keys as [MACVLAN].[IPVLAN] SECTION OPTIONS
The [IPVLAN] section only applies for netdevs of kind "ipvlan", and accepts the following key: Mode=The IPVLAN mode to use. The supported options
are "L2","L3" and "L3S".
Flags=
The IPVLAN flags to use. The supported options
are "bridge","private" and "vepa".
[IPVTAP] SECTION OPTIONS
The [IPVTAP] section only applies for netdevs of kind "ipvtap" and accepts the same keys as [IPVLAN].[VXLAN] SECTION OPTIONS
The [VXLAN] section only applies for netdevs of kind "vxlan", and accepts the following keys: VNI=The VXLAN Network Identifier (or VXLAN Segment
ID). Takes a number in the range 1...16777215.
Remote=
Configures destination IP address.
Local=
Configures local IP address. It must be an
address on the underlying interface of the VXLAN interface, or one of the
special values "ipv4_link_local", "ipv6_link_local",
"dhcp4", "dhcp6", and "slaac". If one of the
special values is specified, an address which matches the corresponding type
on the underlying interface will be used. Defaults to unset.
Group=
Configures VXLAN multicast group IP address.
All members of a VXLAN must use the same multicast group address.
TOS=
The Type Of Service byte value for a vxlan
interface.
TTL=
A fixed Time To Live N on Virtual eXtensible
Local Area Network packets. Takes "inherit" or a number in the range
0...255. 0 is a special value meaning inherit the inner protocol's TTL value.
"inherit" means that it will inherit the outer protocol's TTL
value.
MacLearning=
Takes a boolean. When true, enables dynamic
MAC learning to discover remote MAC addresses.
FDBAgeingSec=
The lifetime of Forwarding Database entry
learnt by the kernel, in seconds.
MaximumFDBEntries=
Configures maximum number of FDB
entries.
ReduceARPProxy=
Takes a boolean. When true, bridge-connected
VXLAN tunnel endpoint answers ARP requests from the local bridge on behalf of
remote Distributed Overlay Virtual Ethernet (DOVE)[7] clients. Defaults
to false.
L2MissNotification=
Takes a boolean. When true, enables netlink
LLADDR miss notifications.
L3MissNotification=
Takes a boolean. When true, enables netlink IP
address miss notifications.
RouteShortCircuit=
Takes a boolean. When true, route short
circuiting is turned on.
UDPChecksum=
Takes a boolean. When true, transmitting UDP
checksums when doing VXLAN/IPv4 is turned on.
UDP6ZeroChecksumTx=
Takes a boolean. When true, sending zero
checksums in VXLAN/IPv6 is turned on.
UDP6ZeroChecksumRx=
Takes a boolean. When true, receiving zero
checksums in VXLAN/IPv6 is turned on.
RemoteChecksumTx=
Takes a boolean. When true, remote transmit
checksum offload of VXLAN is turned on.
RemoteChecksumRx=
Takes a boolean. When true, remote receive
checksum offload in VXLAN is turned on.
GroupPolicyExtension=
Takes a boolean. When true, it enables Group
Policy VXLAN extension security label mechanism across network peers based on
VXLAN. For details about the Group Policy VXLAN, see the VXLAN Group
Policy[8] document. Defaults to false.
GenericProtocolExtension=
Takes a boolean. When true, Generic Protocol
Extension extends the existing VXLAN protocol to provide protocol typing, OAM,
and versioning capabilities. For details about the VXLAN GPE Header, see the
Generic Protocol Extension for VXLAN[9] document. If destination port
is not specified and Generic Protocol Extension is set then default port of
4790 is used. Defaults to false.
DestinationPort=
Configures the default destination UDP port.
If the destination port is not specified then Linux kernel default will be
used. Set to 4789 to get the IANA assigned value.
PortRange=
Configures the source port range for the
VXLAN. The kernel assigns the source UDP port based on the flow to help the
receiver to do load balancing. When this option is not set, the normal range
of local UDP ports is used.
FlowLabel=
Specifies the flow label to use in outgoing
packets. The valid range is 0-1048575.
IPDoNotFragment=
Allows setting the IPv4 Do not Fragment (DF)
bit in outgoing packets, or to inherit its value from the IPv4 inner header.
Takes a boolean value, or "inherit". Set to "inherit" if
the encapsulated protocol is IPv6. When unset, the kernel's default will be
used.
Independent=
Takes a boolean. When true, the vxlan
interface is created without any underlying network interface. Defaults to
false, which means that a .network file that requests this VXLAN interface
using VXLAN= is required for the VXLAN to be created.
[GENEVE] SECTION OPTIONS
The [GENEVE] section only applies for netdevs of kind "geneve", and accepts the following keys: Id=Specifies the Virtual Network Identifier (VNI)
to use, a number between 0 and 16777215. This field is mandatory.
Remote=
Specifies the unicast destination IP address
to use in outgoing packets.
TOS=
Specifies the TOS value to use in outgoing
packets. Takes a number between 1 and 255.
TTL=
Accepts the same values as in the [VXLAN]
section, except that when unset or set to 0, the kernel's default will be
used, meaning that packet TTL will be set from
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_default_ttl.
UDPChecksum=
Takes a boolean. When true, specifies that UDP
checksum is calculated for transmitted packets over IPv4.
UDP6ZeroChecksumTx=
Takes a boolean. When true, skip UDP checksum
calculation for transmitted packets over IPv6.
UDP6ZeroChecksumRx=
Takes a boolean. When true, allows incoming
UDP packets over IPv6 with zero checksum field.
DestinationPort=
Specifies destination port. Defaults to 6081.
If not set or assigned the empty string, the default port of 6081 is
used.
FlowLabel=
Specifies the flow label to use in outgoing
packets.
IPDoNotFragment=
Accepts the same key as in [VXLAN]
section.
[BAREUDP] SECTION OPTIONS
The [BareUDP] section only applies for netdevs of kind "bareudp", and accepts the following keys: DestinationPort=Specifies the destination UDP port (in range
1...65535). This is mandatory.
EtherType=
Specifies the L3 protocol. Takes one of
"ipv4", "ipv6", "mpls-uc" or
"mpls-mc". This is mandatory.
[L2TP] SECTION OPTIONS
The [L2TP] section only applies for netdevs of kind "l2tp", and accepts the following keys: TunnelId=Specifies the tunnel identifier. Takes an
number in the range 1...4294967295. The value used must match the
"PeerTunnelId=" value being used at the peer. This setting is
compulsory.
PeerTunnelId=
Specifies the peer tunnel id. Takes a number
in the range 1...4294967295. The value used must match the
"TunnelId=" value being used at the peer. This setting is
compulsory.
Remote=
Specifies the IP address of the remote peer.
This setting is compulsory.
Local=
Specifies the IP address of a local interface.
Takes an IP address, or the special values "auto",
"static", or "dynamic". Optionally a name of a local
interface can be specified after "@", e.g.
"192.168.0.1@eth0" or "auto@eth0". When an address is
specified, then a local or specified interface must have the address, and the
remote address must be accessible through the local address. If
"auto", then one of the addresses on a local or specified interface
which is accessible to the remote address will be used. Similarly, if
"static" or "dynamic" is set, then one of the static or
dynamic addresses will be used. Defaults to "auto".
EncapsulationType=
Specifies the encapsulation type of the
tunnel. Takes one of "udp" or "ip".
UDPSourcePort=
Specifies the UDP source port to be used for
the tunnel. When UDP encapsulation is selected it's mandatory. Ignored when IP
encapsulation is selected.
UDPDestinationPort=
Specifies destination port. When UDP
encapsulation is selected it's mandatory. Ignored when IP encapsulation is
selected.
UDPChecksum=
Takes a boolean. When true, specifies that UDP
checksum is calculated for transmitted packets over IPv4.
UDP6ZeroChecksumTx=
Takes a boolean. When true, skip UDP checksum
calculation for transmitted packets over IPv6.
UDP6ZeroChecksumRx=
Takes a boolean. When true, allows incoming
UDP packets over IPv6 with zero checksum field.
[L2TPSESSION] SECTION OPTIONS
The [L2TPSession] section only applies for netdevs of kind "l2tp", and accepts the following keys: Name=Specifies the name of the session. This
setting is compulsory.
SessionId=
Specifies the session identifier. Takes an
number in the range 1...4294967295. The value used must match the
"SessionId=" value being used at the peer. This setting is
compulsory.
PeerSessionId=
Specifies the peer session identifier. Takes
an number in the range 1...4294967295. The value used must match the
"PeerSessionId=" value being used at the peer. This setting is
compulsory.
Layer2SpecificHeader=
Specifies layer2specific header type of the
session. One of "none" or "default". Defaults to
"default".
[MACSEC] SECTION OPTIONS
The [MACsec] section only applies for network devices of kind "macsec", and accepts the following keys: Port=Specifies the port to be used for the MACsec
transmit channel. The port is used to make secure channel identifier (SCI).
Takes a value between 1 and 65535. Defaults to unset.
Encrypt=
Takes a boolean. When true, enable encryption.
Defaults to unset.
[MACSECRECEIVECHANNEL] SECTION OPTIONS
The [MACsecReceiveChannel] section only applies for network devices of kind "macsec", and accepts the following keys: Port=Specifies the port to be used for the MACsec
receive channel. The port is used to make secure channel identifier (SCI).
Takes a value between 1 and 65535. This option is compulsory, and is not set
by default.
MACAddress=
Specifies the MAC address to be used for the
MACsec receive channel. The MAC address used to make secure channel identifier
(SCI). This setting is compulsory, and is not set by default.
[MACSECTRANSMITASSOCIATION] SECTION OPTIONS
The [MACsecTransmitAssociation] section only applies for network devices of kind "macsec", and accepts the following keys: PacketNumber=Specifies the packet number to be used for
replay protection and the construction of the initialization vector (along
with the secure channel identifier [SCI]). Takes a value between
1-4,294,967,295. Defaults to unset.
KeyId=
Specifies the identification for the key.
Takes a number between 0-255. This option is compulsory, and is not set by
default.
Key=
Specifies the encryption key used in the
transmission channel. The same key must be configured on the peer’s
matching receive channel. This setting is compulsory, and is not set by
default. Takes a 128-bit key encoded in a hexadecimal string, for example
"dffafc8d7b9a43d5b9a3dfbbf6a30c16".
KeyFile=
Takes an absolute path to a file which
contains a 128-bit key encoded in a hexadecimal string, which will be used in
the transmission channel. When this option is specified, Key= is
ignored. Note that the file must be readable by the user
"systemd-network", so it should be, e.g., owned by
"root:systemd-network" with a "0640" file mode. If the
path refers to an AF_UNIX stream socket in the file system a connection
is made to it and the key read from it.
Activate=
Takes a boolean. If enabled, then the security
association is activated. Defaults to unset.
UseForEncoding=
Takes a boolean. If enabled, then the security
association is used for encoding. Only one [MACsecTransmitAssociation] section
can enable this option. When enabled, Activate=yes is implied. Defaults
to unset.
[MACSECRECEIVEASSOCIATION] SECTION OPTIONS
The [MACsecReceiveAssociation] section only applies for network devices of kind "macsec", and accepts the following keys: Port=Accepts the same key as in
[MACsecReceiveChannel] section.
MACAddress=
Accepts the same key as in
[MACsecReceiveChannel] section.
PacketNumber=
Accepts the same key as in
[MACsecTransmitAssociation] section.
KeyId=
Accepts the same key as in
[MACsecTransmitAssociation] section.
Key=
Accepts the same key as in
[MACsecTransmitAssociation] section.
KeyFile=
Accepts the same key as in
[MACsecTransmitAssociation] section.
Activate=
Accepts the same key as in
[MACsecTransmitAssociation] section.
[TUNNEL] SECTION OPTIONS
The [Tunnel] section only applies for netdevs of kind "ipip", "sit", "gre", "gretap", "ip6gre", "ip6gretap", "vti", "vti6", "ip6tnl", and "erspan" and accepts the following keys: External=Takes a boolean value. When true, then the
tunnel is externally controlled, which is also known as collect metadata mode,
and most settings below like Local= or Remote= are ignored. This
implies Independent=. Defaults to false.
Local=
A static local address for tunneled packets.
It must be an address on another interface of this host, or one of the special
values "any", "ipv4_link_local",
"ipv6_link_local", "dhcp4", "dhcp6", and
"slaac". If one of the special values except for "any" is
specified, an address which matches the corresponding type on the underlying
interface will be used. Defaults to "any".
Remote=
The remote endpoint of the tunnel. Takes an IP
address or the special value "any".
TOS=
The Type Of Service byte value for a tunnel
interface. For details about the TOS, see the Type of Service in the
Internet Protocol Suite[10] document.
TTL=
A fixed Time To Live N on tunneled packets. N
is a number in the range 1...255. 0 is a special value meaning that packets
inherit the TTL value. The default value for IPv4 tunnels is 0 (inherit). The
default value for IPv6 tunnels is 64.
DiscoverPathMTU=
Takes a boolean. When true, enables Path MTU
Discovery on the tunnel.
IPv6FlowLabel=
Configures the 20-bit flow label (see RFC
6437[11]) field in the IPv6 header (see RFC 2460[12]), which is
used by a node to label packets of a flow. It is only used for IPv6 tunnels. A
flow label of zero is used to indicate packets that have not been labeled. It
can be configured to a value in the range 0...0xFFFFF, or be set to
"inherit", in which case the original flowlabel is used.
CopyDSCP=
Takes a boolean. When true, the Differentiated
Service Code Point (DSCP) field will be copied to the inner header from outer
header during the decapsulation of an IPv6 tunnel packet. DSCP is a field in
an IP packet that enables different levels of service to be assigned to
network traffic. Defaults to "no".
EncapsulationLimit=
The Tunnel Encapsulation Limit option
specifies how many additional levels of encapsulation are permitted to be
prepended to the packet. For example, a Tunnel Encapsulation Limit option
containing a limit value of zero means that a packet carrying that option may
not enter another tunnel before exiting the current tunnel. (see RFC
2473[13]). The valid range is 0...255 and "none". Defaults to
4.
Key=
The Key= parameter specifies the same
key to use in both directions ( InputKey= and OutputKey=). The
Key= is either a number or an IPv4 address-like dotted quad. It is used
as mark-configured SAD/SPD entry as part of the lookup key (both in data and
control path) in IP XFRM (framework used to implement IPsec protocol). See
ip-xfrm — transform configuration[14] for details. It is only
used for VTI/VTI6, GRE, GRETAP, and ERSPAN tunnels.
InputKey=
The InputKey= parameter specifies the
key to use for input. The format is same as Key=. It is only used for
VTI/VTI6, GRE, GRETAP, and ERSPAN tunnels.
OutputKey=
The OutputKey= parameter specifies the
key to use for output. The format is same as Key=. It is only used for
VTI/VTI6, GRE, GRETAP, and ERSPAN tunnels.
Mode=
An "ip6tnl" tunnel can be in one of
three modes "ip6ip6" for IPv6 over IPv6, "ipip6" for IPv4
over IPv6 or "any" for either.
Independent=
Takes a boolean. When false (the default), the
tunnel is always created over some network device, and a .network file that
requests this tunnel using Tunnel= is required for the tunnel to be
created. When true, the tunnel is created independently of any network as
"tunnel@NONE".
AssignToLoopback=
Takes a boolean. If set to "yes",
the loopback interface "lo" is used as the underlying device of the
tunnel interface. Defaults to "no".
AllowLocalRemote=
Takes a boolean. When true allows tunnel
traffic on ip6tnl devices where the remote endpoint is a local host
address. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
FooOverUDP=
Takes a boolean. Specifies whether
FooOverUDP= tunnel is to be configured. Defaults to false. This takes
effects only for IPIP, SIT, GRE, and GRETAP tunnels. For more detail
information see Foo over UDP[15]
FOUDestinationPort=
This setting specifies the UDP destination
port for encapsulation. This field is mandatory when FooOverUDP=yes,
and is not set by default.
FOUSourcePort=
This setting specifies the UDP source port for
encapsulation. Defaults to 0 — that is, the source port for
packets is left to the network stack to decide.
Encapsulation=
Accepts the same key as in the [FooOverUDP]
section.
IPv6RapidDeploymentPrefix=
Reconfigure the tunnel for IPv6 Rapid
Deployment[16], also known as 6rd. The value is an ISP-specific IPv6
prefix with a non-zero length. Only applicable to SIT tunnels.
ISATAP=
Takes a boolean. If set, configures the tunnel
as Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP) tunnel. Only
applicable to SIT tunnels. When unset, the kernel's default will be
used.
SerializeTunneledPackets=
Takes a boolean. If set to yes, then packets
are serialized. Only applies for GRE, GRETAP, and ERSPAN tunnels. When unset,
the kernel's default will be used.
ERSPANVersion=
Specifies the ERSPAN version number. Takes 0
for version 0 (a.k.a. type I), 1 for version 1 (a.k.a. type II), or 2 for
version 2 (a.k.a. type III). Defaults to 1.
ERSPANIndex=
Specifies the ERSPAN v1 index field for the
interface. Takes an integer in the range 0...1048575, which is associated with
the ERSPAN traffic's source port and direction. Only used when
ERSPANVersion=1. Defaults to 0.
ERSPANDirection=
Specifies the ERSPAN v2 mirrored traffic's
direction. Takes "ingress" or "egress". Only used when
ERSPANVersion=2. Defaults to "ingress".
ERSPANHardwareId=
Specifies an unique identifier of the ERSPAN
v2 engine. Takes an integer in the range 0...63. Only used when
ERSPANVersion=2. Defaults to 0.
[FOOOVERUDP] SECTION OPTIONS
The [FooOverUDP] section only applies for netdevs of kind "fou" and accepts the following keys: Encapsulation=Specifies the encapsulation mechanism used to
store networking packets of various protocols inside the UDP packets. Supports
the following values: "FooOverUDP" provides the simplest no-frills
model of UDP encapsulation, it simply encapsulates packets directly in the UDP
payload. "GenericUDPEncapsulation" is a generic and extensible
encapsulation, it allows encapsulation of packets for any IP protocol and
optional data as part of the encapsulation. For more detailed information see
Generic UDP Encapsulation[17]. Defaults to
"FooOverUDP".
Port=
Specifies the port number where the
encapsulated packets will arrive. Those packets will be removed and manually
fed back into the network stack with the encapsulation removed to be sent to
the real destination. This option is mandatory.
PeerPort=
Specifies the peer port number. Defaults to
unset. Note that when peer port is set "Peer=" address is
mandatory.
Protocol=
The Protocol= specifies the protocol
number of the packets arriving at the UDP port. When
Encapsulation=FooOverUDP, this field is mandatory and is not set by
default. Takes an IP protocol name such as "gre" or
"ipip", or an integer within the range 1...255. When
Encapsulation=GenericUDPEncapsulation, this must not be
specified.
Peer=
Configures peer IP address. Note that when
peer address is set "PeerPort=" is mandatory.
Local=
Configures local IP address.
[PEER] SECTION OPTIONS
The [Peer] section only applies for netdevs of kind "veth" and accepts the following keys: Name=The interface name used when creating the
netdev. This setting is compulsory.
MACAddress=
The peer MACAddress, if not set, it is
generated in the same way as the MAC address of the main interface.
[VXCAN] SECTION OPTIONS
The [VXCAN] section only applies for netdevs of kind "vxcan" and accepts the following key: Peer=The peer interface name used when creating the
netdev. This setting is compulsory.
[TUN] SECTION OPTIONS
The [Tun] section only applies for netdevs of kind "tun", and accepts the following keys: MultiQueue=Takes a boolean. Configures whether to use
multiple file descriptors (queues) to parallelize packets sending and
receiving. Defaults to "no".
PacketInfo=
Takes a boolean. Configures whether packets
should be prepended with four extra bytes (two flag bytes and two protocol
bytes). If disabled, it indicates that the packets will be pure IP packets.
Defaults to "no".
VNetHeader=
Takes a boolean. Configures IFF_VNET_HDR flag
for a tun or tap device. It allows sending and receiving larger Generic
Segmentation Offload (GSO) packets. This may increase throughput
significantly. Defaults to "no".
User=
User to grant access to the /dev/net/tun
device.
Group=
Group to grant access to the /dev/net/tun
device.
KeepCarrier=
Takes a boolean. If enabled, to make the
interface maintain its carrier status, the file descriptor of the interface is
kept open. This may be useful to keep the interface in running state, for
example while the backing process is temporarily shutdown. Defaults to
"no".
[TAP] SECTION OPTIONS
The [Tap] section only applies for netdevs of kind "tap", and accepts the same keys as the [Tun] section.[WIREGUARD] SECTION OPTIONS
The [WireGuard] section accepts the following keys: PrivateKey=The Base64 encoded private key for the
interface. It can be generated using the wg genkey command (see
wg(8)). This option or PrivateKeyFile= is mandatory to use
WireGuard. Note that because this information is secret, you may want to set
the permissions of the .netdev file to be owned by
"root:systemd-network" with a "0640" file mode.
PrivateKeyFile=
Takes an absolute path to a file which
contains the Base64 encoded private key for the interface. When this option is
specified, then PrivateKey= is ignored. Note that the file must be
readable by the user "systemd-network", so it should be, e.g., owned
by "root:systemd-network" with a "0640" file mode. If the
path refers to an AF_UNIX stream socket in the file system a connection
is made to it and the key read from it.
ListenPort=
Sets UDP port for listening. Takes either
value between 1 and 65535 or "auto". If "auto" is
specified, the port is automatically generated based on interface name.
Defaults to "auto".
FirewallMark=
Sets a firewall mark on outgoing WireGuard
packets from this interface. Takes a number between 1 and 4294967295.
RouteTable=
The table identifier for the routes to the
addresses specified in the AllowedIPs=. Takes a negative boolean value,
one of the predefined names "default", "main", and
"local", names defined in RouteTable= in
networkd.conf(5), or a number in the range 1...4294967295. When
"off" the routes to the addresses specified in the
AllowedIPs= setting will not be configured. Defaults to false. This
setting will be ignored when the same setting is specified in the
[WireGuardPeer] section.
RouteMetric=
The priority of the routes to the addresses
specified in the AllowedIPs=. Takes an integer in the range
0...4294967295. Defaults to 0 for IPv4 addresses, and 1024 for IPv6 addresses.
This setting will be ignored when the same setting is specified in the
[WireGuardPeer] section.
[WIREGUARDPEER] SECTION OPTIONS
The [WireGuardPeer] section accepts the following keys: PublicKey=Sets a Base64 encoded public key calculated by
wg pubkey (see wg(8)) from a private key, and usually
transmitted out of band to the author of the configuration file. This option
is mandatory for this section.
PresharedKey=
Optional preshared key for the interface. It
can be generated by the wg genpsk command. This option adds an
additional layer of symmetric-key cryptography to be mixed into the already
existing public-key cryptography, for post-quantum resistance. Note that
because this information is secret, you may want to set the permissions of the
.netdev file to be owned by "root:systemd-network" with a
"0640" file mode.
PresharedKeyFile=
Takes an absolute path to a file which
contains the Base64 encoded preshared key for the peer. When this option is
specified, then PresharedKey= is ignored. Note that the file must be
readable by the user "systemd-network", so it should be, e.g., owned
by "root:systemd-network" with a "0640" file mode. If the
path refers to an AF_UNIX stream socket in the file system a connection
is made to it and the key read from it.
AllowedIPs=
Sets a comma-separated list of IP (v4 or v6)
addresses with CIDR masks from which this peer is allowed to send incoming
traffic and to which outgoing traffic for this peer is directed.
The catch-all 0.0.0.0/0 may be specified for matching all IPv4 addresses, and
::/0 may be specified for matching all IPv6 addresses.
Note that this only affects routing inside the network interface itself,
i.e. the packets that pass through the tunnel itself. To cause packets to be
sent via the tunnel in the first place, an appropriate route needs to be added
as well — either in the "[Routes]" section on the
".network" matching the wireguard interface, or externally to
systemd-networkd.
Endpoint=
Sets an endpoint IP address or hostname,
followed by a colon, and then a port number. IPv6 address must be in the
square brackets. For example, "111.222.333.444:51820" for IPv4 and
"[1111:2222::3333]:51820" for IPv6 address. This endpoint will be
updated automatically once to the most recent source IP address and port of
correctly authenticated packets from the peer at configuration time.
PersistentKeepalive=
Sets a seconds interval, between 1 and 65535
inclusive, of how often to send an authenticated empty packet to the peer for
the purpose of keeping a stateful firewall or NAT mapping valid persistently.
For example, if the interface very rarely sends traffic, but it might at
anytime receive traffic from a peer, and it is behind NAT, the interface might
benefit from having a persistent keepalive interval of 25 seconds. If set to 0
or "off", this option is disabled. By default or when unspecified,
this option is off. Most users will not need this.
RouteTable=
The table identifier for the routes to the
addresses specified in the AllowedIPs=. Takes a negative boolean value,
one of the predefined names "default", "main", and
"local", names defined in RouteTable= in
networkd.conf(5), or a number in the range 1...4294967295. Defaults to
unset, and the value specified in the same setting in the [WireGuard] section
will be used.
RouteMetric=
The priority of the routes to the addresses
specified in the AllowedIPs=. Takes an integer in the range
0...4294967295. Defaults to unset, and the value specified in the same setting
in the [WireGuard] section will be used.
[BOND] SECTION OPTIONS
The [Bond] section accepts the following key: Mode=Specifies one of the bonding policies. The
default is "balance-rr" (round robin). Possible values are
"balance-rr", "active-backup", "balance-xor",
"broadcast", "802.3ad", "balance-tlb", and
"balance-alb".
TransmitHashPolicy=
Selects the transmit hash policy to use for
slave selection in balance-xor, 802.3ad, and tlb modes. Possible values are
"layer2", "layer3+4", "layer2+3",
"encap2+3", and "encap3+4".
LACPTransmitRate=
Specifies the rate with which link partner
transmits Link Aggregation Control Protocol Data Unit packets in 802.3ad mode.
Possible values are "slow", which requests partner to transmit
LACPDUs every 30 seconds, and "fast", which requests partner to
transmit LACPDUs every second. The default value is "slow".
MIIMonitorSec=
Specifies the frequency that Media Independent
Interface link monitoring will occur. A value of zero disables MII link
monitoring. This value is rounded down to the nearest millisecond. The default
value is 0.
UpDelaySec=
Specifies the delay before a link is enabled
after a link up status has been detected. This value is rounded down to a
multiple of MIIMonitorSec=. The default value is 0.
DownDelaySec=
Specifies the delay before a link is disabled
after a link down status has been detected. This value is rounded down to a
multiple of MIIMonitorSec=. The default value is 0.
LearnPacketIntervalSec=
Specifies the number of seconds between
instances where the bonding driver sends learning packets to each slave peer
switch. The valid range is 1...0x7fffffff; the default value is 1. This option
has an effect only for the balance-tlb and balance-alb modes.
AdSelect=
Specifies the 802.3ad aggregation selection
logic to use. Possible values are "stable", "bandwidth"
and "count".
AdActorSystemPriority=
Specifies the 802.3ad actor system priority.
Takes a number in the range 1...65535.
AdUserPortKey=
Specifies the 802.3ad user defined portion of
the port key. Takes a number in the range 0...1023.
AdActorSystem=
Specifies the 802.3ad system MAC address. This
cannot be a null or multicast address.
FailOverMACPolicy=
Specifies whether the active-backup mode
should set all slaves to the same MAC address at the time of enslavement or,
when enabled, to perform special handling of the bond's MAC address in
accordance with the selected policy. The default policy is none. Possible
values are "none", "active" and "follow".
ARPValidate=
Specifies whether or not ARP probes and
replies should be validated in any mode that supports ARP monitoring, or
whether non-ARP traffic should be filtered (disregarded) for link monitoring
purposes. Possible values are "none", "active",
"backup" and "all".
ARPIntervalSec=
Specifies the ARP link monitoring frequency. A
value of 0 disables ARP monitoring. The default value is 0, and the default
unit seconds.
ARPIPTargets=
Specifies the IP addresses to use as ARP
monitoring peers when ARPIntervalSec= is greater than 0. These are the
targets of the ARP request sent to determine the health of the link to the
targets. Specify these values in IPv4 dotted decimal format. At least one IP
address must be given for ARP monitoring to function. The maximum number of
targets that can be specified is 16. The default value is no IP
addresses.
ARPAllTargets=
Specifies the quantity of ARPIPTargets=
that must be reachable in order for the ARP monitor to consider a slave as
being up. This option affects only active-backup mode for slaves with
ARPValidate enabled. Possible values are "any" and
"all".
PrimaryReselectPolicy=
Specifies the reselection policy for the
primary slave. This affects how the primary slave is chosen to become the
active slave when failure of the active slave or recovery of the primary slave
occurs. This option is designed to prevent flip-flopping between the primary
slave and other slaves. Possible values are "always",
"better" and "failure".
ResendIGMP=
Specifies the number of IGMP membership
reports to be issued after a failover event. One membership report is issued
immediately after the failover, subsequent packets are sent in each 200ms
interval. The valid range is 0...255. Defaults to 1. A value of 0 prevents the
IGMP membership report from being issued in response to the failover
event.
PacketsPerSlave=
Specify the number of packets to transmit
through a slave before moving to the next one. When set to 0, then a slave is
chosen at random. The valid range is 0...65535. Defaults to 1. This option
only has effect when in balance-rr mode.
GratuitousARP=
Specify the number of peer notifications
(gratuitous ARPs and unsolicited IPv6 Neighbor Advertisements) to be issued
after a failover event. As soon as the link is up on the new slave, a peer
notification is sent on the bonding device and each VLAN sub-device. This is
repeated at each link monitor interval (ARPIntervalSec or MIIMonitorSec,
whichever is active) if the number is greater than 1. The valid range is
0...255. The default value is 1. These options affect only the active-backup
mode.
AllSlavesActive=
Takes a boolean. Specifies that duplicate
frames (received on inactive ports) should be dropped when false, or delivered
when true. Normally, bonding will drop duplicate frames (received on inactive
ports), which is desirable for most users. But there are some times it is nice
to allow duplicate frames to be delivered. The default value is false (drop
duplicate frames received on inactive ports).
DynamicTransmitLoadBalancing=
Takes a boolean. Specifies if dynamic
shuffling of flows is enabled. Applies only for balance-tlb mode. Defaults to
unset.
MinLinks=
Specifies the minimum number of links that
must be active before asserting carrier. The default value is 0.
For more detail information see Linux Ethernet Bonding Driver HOWTO[1]
[XFRM] SECTION OPTIONS
The [Xfrm] section accepts the following keys: InterfaceId=Sets the ID/key of the xfrm interface which
needs to be associated with a SA/policy. Can be decimal or hexadecimal, valid
range is 1-0xffffffff. This is mandatory.
Independent=
Takes a boolean. If false (the default), the
xfrm interface must have an underlying device which can be used for hardware
offloading.
For more detail information see Virtual XFRM Interfaces[18].
[VRF] SECTION OPTIONS
The [VRF] section only applies for netdevs of kind "vrf" and accepts the following key: Table=The numeric routing table identifier. This
setting is compulsory.
[BATMANADVANCED] SECTION OPTIONS
The [BatmanAdvanced] section only applies for netdevs of kind "batadv" and accepts the following keys: GatewayMode=Takes one of "off",
"server", or "client". A batman-adv node can either run in
server mode (sharing its internet connection with the mesh) or in client mode
(searching for the most suitable internet connection in the mesh) or having
the gateway support turned off entirely (which is the default setting).
Aggregation=
Takes a boolean value. Enables or disables
aggregation of originator messages. Defaults to true.
BridgeLoopAvoidance=
Takes a boolean value. Enables or disables
avoidance of loops on bridges. Defaults to true.
DistributedArpTable=
Takes a boolean value. Enables or disables the
distributed ARP table. Defaults to true.
Fragmentation=
Takes a boolean value. Enables or disables
fragmentation. Defaults to true.
HopPenalty=
The hop penalty setting allows one to modify
batctl(8) preference for multihop routes vs. short routes. This integer
value is applied to the TQ (Transmit Quality) of each forwarded OGM
(Originator Message), thereby propagating the cost of an extra hop (the packet
has to be received and retransmitted which costs airtime). A higher hop
penalty will make it more unlikely that other nodes will choose this node as
intermediate hop towards any given destination. The default hop penalty of
'15' is a reasonable value for most setups and probably does not need to be
changed. However, mobile nodes could choose a value of 255 (maximum value) to
avoid being chosen as a router by other nodes. The minimum value is 0.
OriginatorIntervalSec=
The value specifies the interval in seconds,
unless another time unit is specified in which batman-adv floods the network
with its protocol information. See systemd.time(7) for more
information.
GatewayBandwidthDown=
If the node is a server, this parameter is
used to inform other nodes in the network about this node's internet
connection download bandwidth in bits per second. Just enter any number
suffixed with K, M, G or T (base 1000) and the batman-adv module will
propagate the entered value in the mesh.
GatewayBandwidthUp=
If the node is a server, this parameter is
used to inform other nodes in the network about this node's internet
connection upload bandwidth in bits per second. Just enter any number suffixed
with K, M, G or T (base 1000) and the batman-adv module will propagate the
entered value in the mesh.
RoutingAlgorithm=
This can be either "batman-v" or
"batman-iv" and describes which routing_algo of batctl(8) to
use. The algorithm cannot be changed after interface creation. Defaults to
"batman-v".
[IPOIB] SECTION OPTIONS
The [IPoIB] section only applies for netdevs of kind "ipoib" and accepts the following keys: PartitionKey=Takes an integer in the range 1...0xffff,
except for 0x8000. Defaults to unset, and the kernel's default is used.
Mode=
Takes one of the special values
"datagram" or "connected". Defaults to unset, and the
kernel's default is used.
When "datagram", the Infiniband unreliable datagram (UD) transport is
used, and so the interface MTU is equal to the IB L2 MTU minus the IPoIB
encapsulation header (4 bytes). For example, in a typical IB fabric with a 2K
MTU, the IPoIB MTU will be 2048 - 4 = 2044 bytes.
When "connected", the Infiniband reliable connected (RC) transport is
used. Connected mode takes advantage of the connected nature of the IB
transport and allows an MTU up to the maximal IP packet size of 64K, which
reduces the number of IP packets needed for handling large UDP datagrams, TCP
segments, etc and increases the performance for large messages.
IgnoreUserspaceMulticastGroup=
Takes an boolean value. When true, the kernel
ignores multicast groups handled by userspace. Defaults to unset, and the
kernel's default is used.
[WLAN] SECTION OPTIONS
The [WLAN] section only applies to WLAN interfaces, and accepts the following keys: PhysicalDevice=Specifies the name or index of the physical
WLAN device (e.g. "0" or "phy0"). The list of the physical
WLAN devices that exist on the host can be obtained by iw phy command.
This option is mandatory.
Type=
Specifies the type of the interface. Takes one
of the "ad-hoc", "station", "ap",
"ap-vlan", "wds", "monitor",
"mesh-point", "p2p-client", "p2p-go",
"p2p-device", "ocb", and "nan". This option is
mandatory.
WDS=
Enables the Wireless Distribution System (WDS)
mode on the interface. The mode is also known as the "4 address
mode". Takes a boolean value. Defaults to unset, and the kernel's default
will be used.
EXAMPLES
Example 1. /etc/systemd/network/25-bridge.netdev[NetDev] Name=bridge0 Kind=bridge
[Match] Virtualization=no [NetDev] Name=vlan1 Kind=vlan [VLAN] Id=1
[NetDev] Name=ipip-tun Kind=ipip MTUBytes=1480 [Tunnel] Local=192.168.223.238 Remote=192.169.224.239 TTL=64
[NetDev] Name=fou-tun Kind=fou [FooOverUDP] Port=5555 Protocol=4
[NetDev] Name=ipip-tun Kind=ipip [Tunnel] Independent=yes Local=10.65.208.212 Remote=10.65.208.211 FooOverUDP=yes FOUDestinationPort=5555
[NetDev] Name=tap-test Kind=tap [Tap] MultiQueue=yes PacketInfo=yes
[NetDev] Name=sit-tun Kind=sit MTUBytes=1480 [Tunnel] Local=10.65.223.238 Remote=10.65.223.239
[NetDev] Name=6rd-tun Kind=sit MTUBytes=1480 [Tunnel] Local=10.65.223.238 IPv6RapidDeploymentPrefix=2602::/24
[NetDev] Name=gre-tun Kind=gre MTUBytes=1480 [Tunnel] Local=10.65.223.238 Remote=10.65.223.239
[NetDev] Name=ip6gre-tun Kind=ip6gre [Tunnel] Key=123
[NetDev] Name=vti-tun Kind=vti MTUBytes=1480 [Tunnel] Local=10.65.223.238 Remote=10.65.223.239
[NetDev] Name=veth-test Kind=veth [Peer] Name=veth-peer
[NetDev] Name=bond1 Kind=bond [Bond] Mode=802.3ad TransmitHashPolicy=layer3+4 MIIMonitorSec=1s LACPTransmitRate=fast
[NetDev] Name=dummy-test Kind=dummy MACAddress=12:34:56:78:9a:bc
[NetDev] Name=vrf-test Kind=vrf [VRF] Table=42
[NetDev] Name=macvtap-test Kind=macvtap
[NetDev] Name=wg0 Kind=wireguard [WireGuard] PrivateKey=EEGlnEPYJV//kbvvIqxKkQwOiS+UENyPncC4bF46ong= ListenPort=51820 [WireGuardPeer] PublicKey=RDf+LSpeEre7YEIKaxg+wbpsNV7du+ktR99uBEtIiCA= AllowedIPs=fd31:bf08:57cb::/48,192.168.26.0/24 Endpoint=wireguard.example.com:51820
[NetDev] Name=xfrm0 Kind=xfrm [Xfrm] Independent=yes
SEE ALSO
systemd(1), systemd-networkd(8), systemd.link(5), systemd.network(5), systemd-network-generator.service(8)NOTES
- 1.
- Linux Ethernet Bonding Driver HOWTO
- 2.
- RFC 2784
- 3.
- IEEE 802.1Q
- 4.
- VRF
- 5.
- B.A.T.M.A.N. Advanced
- 6.
- System and Service Credentials
- 7.
- (DOVE)
- 8.
- VXLAN Group Policy
- 9.
- Generic Protocol Extension for VXLAN
- 10.
- Type of Service in the Internet Protocol Suite
- 11.
- RFC 6437
- 12.
- RFC 2460
- 13.
- RFC 2473
- 14.
- ip-xfrm — transform configuration
- 15.
- Foo over UDP
- 16.
- IPv6 Rapid Deployment
- 17.
- Generic UDP Encapsulation
- 18.
- Virtual XFRM Interfaces
systemd 252 |