tiffcp - copy (and possibly convert) a TIFF file
tiffcp [
options ]
src1.tif …
srcN.tif
dst.tif
tiffcp combines one or more files created according to the Tag Image File
Format, Revision 6.0 into a single TIFF file. Because the output file may be
compressed using a different algorithm than the input files,
tiffcp is
most often used to convert between different compression schemes.
By default,
tiffcp will copy all the understood tags in a TIFF directory
of an input file to the associated directory in the output file.
tiffcp can be used to reorganize the storage characteristics of data in a
file, but it is explicitly intended to not alter or convert the image data
content in any way.
- -a
- Append to an existing output file instead of overwriting
it.
- -b image
- subtract the following monochrome image from all others
processed. This can be used to remove a noise bias from a set of images.
This bias image is typically an image of noise the camera saw with its
shutter closed.
- -B
- Force output to be written with Big-Endian byte order. This
option only has an effect when the output file is created or overwritten
and not when it is appended to.
- -C
- Suppress the use of "strip chopping" when reading
images that have a single strip/tile of uncompressed data.
- -c
- Specify the compression to use for data written to the
output file: -c none for no compression, -c packbits for
PackBits compression, -c lzw for Lempel-Ziv & Welch
compression, -c zip for Deflate compression, -c lzma for
LZMA2 compression, -c jpeg for baseline JPEG compression, -c
g3 for CCITT Group 3 (T.4) compression, -c g4 for CCITT Group 4
(T.6) compression, or -c sgilog for SGILOG compression.
By default tiffcp will compress data according to the value of the
Compression tag found in the source file.
The CCITT Group 3 and Group 4 compression algorithms can only be used with
bilevel data.
Group 3 compression can be specified together with several T.4-specific
options:
- •
-
1d for 1-dimensional encoding,
- •
-
2d for 2-dimensional encoding, and
- •
-
fill to force each encoded scanline to be
zero-filled so that the terminating EOL code lies on a byte boundary.
Group 3-specific options are specified by appending a
:-separated list to
the
g3 option; e.g.
-c g3:2d:fill to get 2D-encoded data with
byte-aligned EOL codes.
LZW, Deflate and LZMA2 compression can be specified together with a
predictor value. A predictor value of 2 causes each scanline of the
output image to undergo horizontal differencing before it is encoded; a value
of 1 forces each scanline to be encoded without differencing. A value 3 is for
floating point predictor which you can use if the encoded data are in floating
point format. LZW-specific options are specified by appending a
:-separated list to the
lzw option; e.g.
-c lzw:2 for LZW
compression with horizontal differencing.
Deflate and LZMA2 encoders support various compression levels (or encoder
presets) set as character
p and a preset number.
p1 is the
fastest one with the worst compression ratio and
p9 is the slowest but
with the best possible ratio; e.g.
-c zip:3:p9 for Deflate encoding
with maximum compression level and floating point predictor.
For the Deflate codec, and in a libtiff build with libdeflate enabled,
p12 is actually the maximum level.
For the Deflate codec, and in a libtiff build with libdeflate enabled,
s0
can be used to require zlib to be used, and
s1 for libdeflate (defaults
to libdeflate when it is available).
- -f fillorder
- Specify the bit fill order to use in writing output data.
By default, tiffcp will create a new file with the same fill order
as the original. Specifying -f lsb2msb will force data to be
written with the FillOrder tag set to LSB2MSB, while -f
msb2lsb will force data to be written with the FillOrder tag
set to MSB2LSB.
- -i
- Ignore non-fatal read errors and continue processing of the
input file.
- -l
- Specify the length of a tile (in pixels).
tiffcp attempts to set the tile dimensions so that no more than 8
kilobytes of data appear in a tile.
- -L
- Force output to be written with Little-Endian byte order.
This option only has an effect when the output file is created or
overwritten and not when it is appended to.
- -M
- Suppress the use of memory-mapped files when reading
images.
- -o offset
- Set initial directory offset.
- -p
- Specify the planar configuration to use in writing image
data that has one 8-bit sample per pixel. By default, tiffcp will
create a new file with the same planar configuration as the original.
Specifying -p contig will force data to be written with
multi-sample data packed together, while -p separate will force
samples to be written in separate planes.
- -r
- Specify the number of rows (scanlines) in each strip of
data written to the output file. By default (or when value 0 is
specified), tiffcp attempts to set the rows/strip that no more than
8 kilobytes of data appear in a strip. If you specify special value
-1 it will results in infinite number of the rows per strip. The
entire image will be the one strip in that case.
- -s
- Force the output file to be written with data organized in
strips (rather than tiles).
- -t
- Force the output file to be written with data organized in
tiles (rather than strips). options can be used to force the resultant
image to be written as strips or tiles of data, respectively.
- -w
- Specify the width of a tile (in pixels).
:program::tiffcp attempts to set the tile dimensions so that no
more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a tile.
- -x
- Force the output file to be written with PAGENUMBER
value in sequence.
- -8
- Write BigTIFF instead of classic TIFF format.
- -,= character
- substitute character for , in parsing image
directory indices in files. This is necessary if filenames contain commas.
Note that -,= with whitespace immediately following will disable
the special meaning of the , entirely. See examples.
- -m size
- Set maximum memory allocation size (in MiB). The default is
256MiB. Set to 0 to disable the limit.
The following concatenates two files and writes the result using LZW encoding:
tiffcp -c lzw a.tif b.tif result.tif
To convert a G3 1d-encoded TIFF to a single strip of G4-encoded data the
following might be used:
tiffcp -c g4 -r 10000 g3.tif g4.tif
(1000 is just a number that is larger than the number of rows in the source
file.)
To extract a selected set of images from a multi-image TIFF file, the file name
may be immediately followed by a
, separated list of image directory
indices. The first image is always in directory 0. Thus, to copy the 1st and
3rd images of image file
album.tif to
result.tif:
tiffcp album.tif,0,2 result.tif
A trailing comma denotes remaining images in sequence. The following command
will copy all image with except the first one:
tiffcp album.tif,1, result.tif
Given file
CCD.tif whose first image is a noise bias followed by images
which include that bias, subtract the noise from all those images following it
(while decompressing) with the command:
tiffcp -c none -b CCD.tif CCD.tif,1, result.tif
If the file above were named
CCD,X.tif, the
-,= option would be
required to correctly parse this filename with image numbers, as follows:
tiffcp -c none -,=% -b CCD,X.tif CCD,X%1%.tif result.tif
pal2rgb (1),
tiffinfo (1),
tiff2cmp (1),
tiffmedian
(1),
tiffsplit (1),
libtiff (3tiff)
LibTIFF contributors
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