urxvtperl - rxvt-unicode's embedded perl interpreter
# create a file grab_test in some directory:
sub on_sel_grab {
warn "you selected ", $_[0]->selection;
()
}
# start a urxvt instance using it:
urxvt --perl-lib path/to/somedirectory -pe grab_test
Every time a terminal object gets created, extension scripts specified via the
"perl" resource are loaded and associated with it.
Scripts are compiled in a 'use strict qw(vars subs)' and 'use utf8' environment,
and thus must be encoded as UTF-8.
Each script will only ever be loaded once, even in urxvtd, where scripts will be
shared (but not enabled) for all terminals.
You can disable the embedded perl interpreter by setting both
"perl-ext" and "perl-ext-common" resources to the empty
string.
A number of extensions are delivered with this release. You can find them in
<libdir>/urxvt/perl/, and the documentation can be viewed using
man urxvt-<EXTENSIONNAME>.
You can activate them like this:
urxvt -pe <extensionname>
Or by adding them to the resource for extensions loaded by default:
URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,selection-autotransform
Extensions may add additional resources and "actions", i.e., methods
which can be bound to a key and invoked by the user. An extension can define
the resources it support using so called META comments, described below.
Similarly to builtin resources, extension resources can also be specified on
the command line as long options (with "." replaced by
"-"), in which case the corresponding extension is loaded
automatically. For this to work the extension
must define META comments
for its resources.
All objects (such as terminals, time watchers etc.) are typical
reference-to-hash objects. The hash can be used to store anything you like.
All members starting with an underscore (such as "_ptr" or
"_hook") are reserved for internal uses and
MUST NOT be
accessed or modified).
When objects are destroyed on the C++ side, the perl object hashes are emptied,
so its best to store related objects such as time watchers and the like inside
the terminal object so they get destroyed as soon as the terminal is
destroyed.
Argument names also often indicate the type of a parameter. Here are some hints
on what they mean:
- $text
- Rxvt-unicode's special way of encoding text, where one
"unicode" character always represents one screen cell. See ROW_t
for a discussion of this format.
- $string
- A perl text string, with an emphasis on text. It can
store all unicode characters and is to be distinguished with text encoded
in a specific encoding (often locale-specific) and binary data.
- $octets
- Either binary data or - more common - a text string encoded
in a locale-specific way.
- $keysym
- an integer that is a valid X11 keysym code. You can convert
a string into a keysym and viceversa by using "XStringToKeysym"
and "XKeysymToString".
Every perl extension is a perl class. A separate perl object is created for each
terminal, and each terminal has its own set of extension objects, which are
passed as the first parameter to hooks. So extensions can use their $self
object without having to think about clashes with other extensions or other
terminals, with the exception of methods and members that begin with an
underscore character "_": these are reserved for internal use.
Although it isn't a "urxvt::term" object, you can call all methods of
the "urxvt::term" class on this object.
Additional methods only supported for extension objects are described in the
"urxvt::extension" section below.
Rxvt-unicode recognizes special meta comments in extensions that define
different types of metadata. These comments are scanned whenever a terminal is
created and are typically used to autoload extensions when their resources or
command line parameters are used.
Currently, it recognises these comments below. Individual components are
separated by colons (":"), and should not contain colons themselves
- there is also currently no escaping mechanism provided for this.
- #:META:RESOURCE:name:type:desc
- The RESOURCE comment defines a resource used by the
extension, where "name" is the resource name, "type"
is the resource type, "boolean" or "string", and
"desc" is the resource description.
The extension will be autoloaded when this resource is specified or used as
a command line parameter.
Example: matcher provides the "matcher.launcher" resource by
having this comment:
#:META:RESOURCE:%.launcher:string:default launcher command
Example: load this extension when the "-tr" command line option or
resource name is used.
#:META:RESOURCE:tr:boolean:set root pixmap as background
- #:META:OSC:number:desc
- The OSC comment specifies an OSC sequence, where
"number" is the numerical OSC code and "desc" is a
short description that is currently unused.
This will cause the extension to be autoloaded when the OSC sequence is used
for the first time.
Note that autoloading carries some extra responsibilities with it: although
the terminal cannot really protect itself against malicious sources of
command sequences, therefore relying on the programs running inside
to sanitize data that they output, it is very common for programs to emit
command sequences from untrusted sources.
While this means that extensions should, as a defense-in-depth mechanism,
always consider whether OSC sequences are safe, autoloading automatically
exposes any autoloaded extension in all terminal windows, so extra care
should be taken.
Example: the background extension registers OSC 20 like this:
#:META:OSC:20:change/query background image
- #:META:OSC_PERL:prefix:desc
- The same as the OSC comment, but for the Perl OSC sequence
(777). The "prefix" should be unique among extensions, of
course, which is most easily arranged by using the extension name,
although this is not required.
Example: the overlay-osc extension registers its Perl OSC like this:
#:META:OSC_PERL:overlay:man overlay-osc
The following subroutines can be declared in extension files, and will be called
whenever the relevant event happens.
The first argument passed to them is an extension object as described in the in
the "Extension Objects" section.
All of these hooks must return a boolean value. If any of the called
hooks returns true, then the event counts as being
consumed, and the
relevant action might not be carried out by the C++ code.
When in doubt, return a false value (preferably
"()").
- on_attach $term
- Called when an extension package is attached to a running
terminal instance. Must return true in all cases, and runs with the same
limitations as "on_init".
Unlike "on_init" or "on_start", this is called when the
extension is attached to a terminal, regardless of whether the extension
is loaded before or after the terminal is started. Extensions that need to
do something before they work can do it in this callback, as opposed to
e.g. "on_init", which might not be called.
- on_init $term
- Called after a new terminal object has been initialized,
but before windows are created or the command gets run. Most methods are
unsafe to call or deliver senseless data, as terminal size and other
characteristics have not yet been determined. You can safely query and
change resources and options, though. For many purposes the
"on_start" hook is a better place.
- on_start $term
- Called at the very end of initialisation of a new terminal,
just before trying to map (display) the toplevel and returning to the main
loop.
- on_destroy $term
- Called whenever something tries to destroy terminal, when
the terminal is still fully functional (not for long, though).
- on_reset $term
- Called after the screen is "reset" for any
reason, such as resizing or control sequences. Here is where you can react
on changes to size-related variables.
- on_child_start $term, $pid
- Called just after the child process has been
"fork"ed.
- on_child_exit $term, $status
- Called just after the child process has exited. $status is
the status from "waitpid".
- on_sel_make $term, $eventtime
- Called whenever a selection has been made by the user, but
before the selection text is copied, so changes to the beginning, end or
type of the selection will be honored.
Returning a true value aborts selection making by urxvt, in which case you
have to make a selection yourself by calling
"$term->selection_grab".
- on_sel_grab $term, $eventtime
- Called whenever a selection has been copied, but before the
selection is requested from the server. The selection text can be queried
and changed by calling "$term->selection".
Returning a true value aborts selection grabbing. It will still be
highlighted.
- on_sel_extend $term
- Called whenever the user tries to extend the selection
(e.g. with a double click) and is either supposed to return false (normal
operation), or should extend the selection itself and return true to
suppress the built-in processing. This can happen multiple times, as long
as the callback returns true, it will be called on every further click by
the user and is supposed to enlarge the selection more and more, if
possible.
See the selection example extension.
- on_view_change $term, $offset
- Called whenever the view offset changes, i.e. the user or
program scrolls. Offset 0 means display the normal terminal, positive
values show this many lines of scrollback.
- on_scroll_back $term, $lines, $saved
- Called whenever lines scroll out of the terminal area into
the scrollback buffer. $lines is the number of lines scrolled out and may
be larger than the scroll back buffer or the terminal.
It is called before lines are scrolled out (so rows 0 .. min ($lines - 1,
$nrow - 1) represent the lines to be scrolled out). $saved is the total
number of lines that will be in the scrollback buffer.
- on_osc_seq $term, $op, $args, $resp
- Called on every OSC sequence and can be used to suppress it
or modify its behaviour. The default should be to return an empty list. A
true value suppresses execution of the request completely. Make sure you
don't get confused by recursive invocations when you output an OSC
sequence within this callback.
"on_osc_seq_perl" should be used for new behaviour.
- on_osc_seq_perl $term, $args, $resp
- Called whenever the ESC ] 777 ; prefix ; string ST
command sequence (OSC = operating system command) is processed. Cursor
position and other state information is up-to-date when this happens. For
interoperability, the argument should start with the extension name (sans
-osc) or some other suitable prefix, and a semicolon, to distinguish it
from commands for other extensions.
For example, "overlay-osc" uses this:
sub on_osc_seq_perl {
my ($self, $osc, $resp) = @_;
return unless $osc =~ s/^overlay;//;
... process remaining $osc string
}
Be careful not ever to trust (in a security sense) the data you receive, as
its source can not easily be controlled (e-mail content, messages from
other users on the same system etc.).
For responses, $resp contains the end-of-args separator used by the
sender.
- on_add_lines $term, $string
- Called whenever text is about to be output, with the text
as argument. You can filter/change and output the text yourself by
returning a true value and calling "$term->scr_add_lines"
yourself. Please note that this might be very slow, however, as your hook
is called for all text being output.
- on_tt_write $term, $octets
- Called whenever some data is written to the tty/pty and can
be used to suppress or filter tty input.
- on_tt_paste $term, $octets
- Called whenever text is about to be pasted, with the text
as argument. You can filter/change and paste the text yourself by
returning a true value and calling "$term->tt_paste"
yourself. $octets is locale-encoded.
- on_line_update $term, $row
- Called whenever a line was updated or changed. Can be used
to filter screen output (e.g. underline urls or other useless stuff). Only
lines that are being shown will be filtered, and, due to performance
reasons, not always immediately.
The row number is always the topmost row of the line if the line spans
multiple rows.
Please note that, if you change the line, then the hook might get called
later with the already-modified line (e.g. if unrelated parts change), so
you cannot just toggle rendition bits, but only set them.
- on_refresh_begin $term
- Called just before the screen gets redrawn. Can be used for
overlay or similar effects by modifying the terminal contents in
refresh_begin, and restoring them in refresh_end. The built-in overlay and
selection display code is run after this hook, and takes precedence.
- on_refresh_end $term
- Called just after the screen gets redrawn. See
"on_refresh_begin".
- on_action $term, $string
- Called whenever an action is invoked for the corresponding
extension (e.g. via a "extension:string" builtin action bound to
a key, see description of the keysym resource in the
urxvt(1) manpage). The event is simply the action string. Note that
an action event is always associated to a single extension.
- on_user_command $term, $string *DEPRECATED*
- Called whenever a user-configured event is being activated
(e.g. via a "perl:string" action bound to a key, see description
of the keysym resource in the urxvt(1) manpage).
The event is simply the action string. This interface is going away in
preference to the "on_action" hook.
- on_resize_all_windows $term, $new_width, $new_height
- Called just after the new window size has been calculated,
but before windows are actually being resized or hints are being set. If
this hook returns a true value, setting of the window hints is being
skipped.
- on_x_event $term, $event
- Called on every X event received on the vt window (and
possibly other windows). Should only be used as a last resort. Most event
structure members are not passed.
- on_root_event $term, $event
- Like "on_x_event", but is called for events on
the root window.
- on_focus_in $term
- Called whenever the window gets the keyboard focus, before
rxvt-unicode does focus in processing.
- on_focus_out $term
- Called whenever the window loses keyboard focus, before
rxvt-unicode does focus out processing.
- on_configure_notify $term, $event
- on_property_notify $term, $event
- on_key_press $term, $event, $keysym, $octets
- on_key_release $term, $event, $keysym
- on_button_press $term, $event
- on_button_release $term, $event
- on_motion_notify $term, $event
- on_map_notify $term, $event
- on_unmap_notify $term, $event
- Called whenever the corresponding X event is received for
the terminal. If the hook returns true, then the event will be ignored by
rxvt-unicode.
The event is a hash with most values as named by Xlib (see the XEvent
manpage), with the additional members "row" and "col",
which are the (real, not screen-based) row and column under the mouse
cursor.
"on_key_press" additionally receives the string rxvt-unicode would
output, if any, in locale-specific encoding.
- on_client_message $term, $event
- on_wm_protocols $term, $event
- on_wm_delete_window $term, $event
- Called when various types of ClientMessage events are
received (all with format=32, WM_PROTOCOLS or
WM_PROTOCOLS:WM_DELETE_WINDOW).
- on_bell $term
- Called on receipt of a bell character.
- $urxvt::LIBDIR
- The rxvt-unicode library directory, where, among other
things, the perl modules and scripts are stored.
- $urxvt::RESCLASS, $urxvt::RESCLASS
- The resource class and name rxvt-unicode uses to look up X
resources.
- $urxvt::RXVTNAME
- The basename of the installed binaries, usually
"urxvt".
- $urxvt::TERM
- The current terminal. This variable stores the current
"urxvt::term" object, whenever a callback/hook is
executing.
- @urxvt::TERM_INIT
- All code references in this array will be called as methods
of the next newly created "urxvt::term" object (during the
"on_init" phase). The array gets cleared before the code
references that were in it are being executed, so references can push
themselves onto it again if they so desire.
This complements to the perl-eval command line option, but gets executed
first.
- @urxvt::TERM_EXT
- Works similar to @TERM_INIT, but contains perl
package/class names, which get registered as normal extensions after
calling the hooks in @TERM_INIT but before other extensions. Gets cleared
just like @TERM_INIT.
- urxvt::fatal $errormessage
- Fatally aborts execution with the given error message
(which should include a trailing newline). Avoid at all costs! The only
time this is acceptable (and useful) is in the init hook, where it
prevents the terminal from starting up.
- urxvt::warn $string
- Calls "rxvt_warn" with the given string which
should include a trailing newline. The module also overwrites the
"warn" builtin with a function that calls this function.
Using this function has the advantage that its output ends up in the correct
place, e.g. on stderr of the connecting urxvtc client.
Messages have a size limit of 1023 bytes currently.
- @terms = urxvt::termlist
- Returns all urxvt::term objects that exist in this process,
regardless of whether they are started, being destroyed etc., so be
careful. Only term objects that have perl extensions attached will be
returned (because there is no urxvt::term object associated with
others).
- $time = urxvt::NOW
- Returns the "current time" (as per the event
loop).
- urxvt::CurrentTime
- urxvt::ShiftMask, LockMask, ControlMask, Mod1Mask,
Mod2Mask, Mod3Mask, Mod4Mask, Mod5Mask, Button1Mask, Button2Mask,
Button3Mask, Button4Mask, Button5Mask, AnyModifier
- urxvt::NoEventMask, KeyPressMask, KeyReleaseMask,
ButtonPressMask, ButtonReleaseMask, EnterWindowMask, LeaveWindowMask,
PointerMotionMask, PointerMotionHintMask, Button1MotionMask,
Button2MotionMask, Button3MotionMask, Button4MotionMask, Button5MotionMask,
ButtonMotionMask, KeymapStateMask, ExposureMask, VisibilityChangeMask,
StructureNotifyMask, ResizeRedirectMask, SubstructureNotifyMask,
SubstructureRedirectMask, FocusChangeMask, PropertyChangeMask,
ColormapChangeMask, OwnerGrabButtonMask
- urxvt::KeyPress, KeyRelease, ButtonPress, ButtonRelease,
MotionNotify, EnterNotify, LeaveNotify, FocusIn, FocusOut, KeymapNotify,
Expose, GraphicsExpose, NoExpose, VisibilityNotify, CreateNotify,
DestroyNotify, UnmapNotify, MapNotify, MapRequest, ReparentNotify,
ConfigureNotify, ConfigureRequest, GravityNotify, ResizeRequest,
CirculateNotify, CirculateRequest, PropertyNotify, SelectionClear,
SelectionRequest, SelectionNotify, ColormapNotify, ClientMessage,
MappingNotify
- Various constants for use in X calls and event
processing.
- urxvt::PrivMode_132, PrivMode_132OK, PrivMode_rVideo,
PrivMode_relOrigin, PrivMode_Screen, PrivMode_Autowrap, PrivMode_aplCUR,
PrivMode_aplKP, PrivMode_HaveBackSpace, PrivMode_BackSpace,
PrivMode_ShiftKeys, PrivMode_VisibleCursor, PrivMode_MouseX10,
PrivMode_MouseX11, PrivMode_scrollBar, PrivMode_TtyOutputInh,
PrivMode_Keypress, PrivMode_smoothScroll, PrivMode_vt52, PrivMode_LFNL,
PrivMode_MouseBtnEvent, PrivMode_MouseAnyEvent, PrivMode_BracketPaste,
PrivMode_ExtMouseUTF8, PrivMode_ExtMouseUrxvt, PrivMode_BlinkingCursor,
PrivMode_mouse_report, PrivMode_Default
- Constants for checking DEC private modes.
Rendition bitsets contain information about colour, font, font styles and
similar information for each screen cell.
The following "macros" deal with changes in rendition sets. You should
never just create a bitset, you should always modify an existing one, as they
contain important information required for correct operation of rxvt-unicode.
- $rend = urxvt::DEFAULT_RSTYLE
- Returns the default rendition, as used when the terminal is
starting up or being reset. Useful as a base to start when creating
renditions.
- $rend = urxvt::OVERLAY_RSTYLE
- Return the rendition mask used for overlays by
default.
- $rendbit = urxvt::RS_Bold, urxvt::RS_Italic,
urxvt::RS_Blink, urxvt::RS_RVid, urxvt::RS_Uline
- Return the bit that enabled bold, italic, blink,
reverse-video and underline, respectively. To enable such a style, just
logically OR it into the bitset.
- $foreground = urxvt::GET_BASEFG $rend
- $background = urxvt::GET_BASEBG $rend
- Return the foreground/background colour index,
respectively.
- $rend = urxvt::SET_FGCOLOR $rend, $new_colour
- $rend = urxvt::SET_BGCOLOR $rend, $new_colour
- $rend = urxvt::SET_COLOR $rend, $new_fg, $new_bg
- Replace the foreground/background colour in the rendition
mask with the specified one.
- $value = urxvt::GET_CUSTOM $rend
- Return the "custom" value: Every rendition has 5
bits for use by extensions. They can be set and changed as you like and
are initially zero.
- $rend = urxvt::SET_CUSTOM $rend, $new_value
- Change the custom value.
Each extension attached to a terminal object is represented by a
"urxvt::term::extension" object.
You can use these objects, which are passed to all callbacks to store any state
related to the terminal and extension instance.
The methods (And data members) documented below can be called on extension
objects, in addition to call methods documented for the <urxvt::term>
class.
- $urxvt_term = $self->{term}
- Returns the "urxvt::term" object associated with
this instance of the extension. This member must not be changed in
any way.
- $self->enable ($hook_name => $cb[, $hook_name =>
$cb..])
- Dynamically enable the given hooks (named without the
"on_" prefix) for this extension, replacing any hook previously
installed via "enable" in this extension.
This is useful when you want to overwrite time-critical hooks only
temporarily.
To install additional callbacks for the same hook, you can use the
"on" method of the "urxvt::term" class.
- $self->disable ($hook_name[, $hook_name..])
- Dynamically disable the given hooks.
- $guard = $self->on ($hook_name => $cb[, $hook_name
=> $cb..])
- Similar to the "enable" enable, but installs
additional callbacks for the given hook(s) (that is, it doesn't replace
existing callbacks), and returns a guard object. When the guard object is
destroyed the callbacks are disabled again.
- $self->bind_action ($hotkey, $action)
- $self->x_resource ($pattern)
- $self->x_resource_boolean ($pattern)
- These methods support an additional "%" prefix
for $action or $pattern when called on an extension object, compared to
the "urxvt::term" methods of the same name - see the description
of these methods in the "urxvt::term" class for details.
The sole purpose of this class is to deliver an interface to the
"AnyEvent" module - any module using it will work inside urxvt
without further programming. The only exception is that you cannot wait on
condition variables, but non-blocking condvar use is ok.
In practical terms this means is that you cannot use blocking APIs, but the
non-blocking variant should work.
- $term = new urxvt::term $envhashref, $rxvtname,
[arg...]
- Creates a new terminal, very similar as if you had started
it with system "$rxvtname, arg...". $envhashref must be a
reference to a %ENV-like hash which defines the environment of the new
terminal.
Croaks (and probably outputs an error message) if the new instance couldn't
be created. Returns "undef" if the new instance didn't
initialise perl, and the terminal object otherwise. The "init"
and "start" hooks will be called before this call returns, and
are free to refer to global data (which is race free).
- $term->destroy
- Destroy the terminal object (close the window, free
resources etc.). Please note that urxvt will not exit as long as any event
watchers (timers, io watchers) are still active.
- $term->exec_async ($cmd[, @args])
- Works like the combination of the
"fork"/"exec" builtins, which executes
("starts") programs in the background. This function takes care
of setting the user environment before exec'ing the command (e.g.
"PATH") and should be preferred over explicit calls to
"exec" or "system".
Returns the pid of the subprocess or "undef" on error.
- $isset = $term->option ($optval[, $set])
- Returns true if the option specified by $optval is enabled,
and optionally change it. All option values are stored by name in the hash
%urxvt::OPTION. Options not enabled in this binary are not in the hash.
Here is a likely non-exhaustive list of option names, please see the source
file /src/optinc.h to see the actual list:
borderLess buffered console cursorBlink cursorUnderline hold iconic
insecure intensityStyles iso14755 iso14755_52 jumpScroll loginShell
mapAlert meta8 mouseWheelScrollPage override_redirect pastableTabs
pointerBlank reverseVideo scrollBar scrollBar_floating scrollBar_right
scrollTtyKeypress scrollTtyOutput scrollWithBuffer secondaryScreen
secondaryScroll skipBuiltinGlyphs skipScroll transparent tripleclickwords
urgentOnBell utmpInhibit visualBell disablePasteBrackets
- $value = $term->resource ($name[, $newval])
- Returns the current resource value associated with a given
name and optionally sets a new value. Setting values is most useful in the
"init" hook. Unset resources are returned and accepted as
"undef".
The new value must be properly encoded to a suitable character encoding
before passing it to this method. Similarly, the returned value may need
to be converted from the used encoding to text.
Resource names are as defined in src/rsinc.h. Colours can be
specified as resource names of the form "color+<index>",
e.g. "color+5". (will likely change).
Please note that resource strings will currently only be freed when the
terminal is destroyed, so changing options frequently will eat memory.
Here is a likely non-exhaustive list of resource names, not all of which are
supported in every build, please see the source file /src/rsinc.h
to see the actual list:
answerbackstring backgroundPixmap backspace_key blurradius
boldFont boldItalicFont borderLess buffered chdir color cursorBlink
cursorUnderline cutchars delete_key depth display_name embed ext_bwidth
fade font geometry hold iconName iconfile imFont imLocale inputMethod
insecure int_bwidth intensityStyles iso14755 iso14755_52 italicFont
jumpScroll letterSpace lineSpace loginShell mapAlert meta8 modifier
mouseWheelScrollPage name override_redirect pastableTabs path perl_eval
perl_ext_1 perl_ext_2 perl_lib pointerBlank pointerBlankDelay
preeditType print_pipe pty_fd reverseVideo saveLines scrollBar
scrollBar_align scrollBar_floating scrollBar_right scrollBar_thickness
scrollTtyKeypress scrollTtyOutput scrollWithBuffer scrollstyle
secondaryScreen secondaryScroll shade skipBuiltinGlyphs skipScroll
term_name title transient_for transparent tripleclickwords urgentOnBell
utmpInhibit visualBell rewrapMode disablePasteBrackets
- $value = $term->x_resource ($pattern)
- Returns the X-Resource for the given pattern, excluding the
program or class name, i.e. "$term->x_resource
("boldFont")" should return the same value as used by this
instance of rxvt-unicode. Returns "undef" if no resource with
that pattern exists.
Extensions that define extra resources also need to call this method to
access their values.
If the method is called on an extension object (basically, from an
extension), then the special prefix "%." will be replaced by the
name of the extension and a dot, and the lone string "%" will be
replaced by the extension name itself. This makes it possible to code
extensions so you can rename them and get a new set of resources without
having to change the actual code.
This method should only be called during the "on_start" hook, as
there is only one resource database per display, and later invocations
might return the wrong resources.
- $value = $term->x_resource_boolean ($pattern)
- Like "x_resource", above, but interprets the
string value as a boolean and returns 1 for true values, 0 for false
values and "undef" if the resource or option isn't specified.
You should always use this method to parse boolean resources.
- $action = $term->lookup_keysym ($keysym, $state)
- Returns the action bound to key combination "($keysym,
$state)", if a binding for it exists, and "undef"
otherwise.
- $success = $term->bind_action ($key, $action)
- Adds a key binding exactly as specified via a
"keysym" resource. See the "keysym" resource in the
urxvt(1) manpage.
To add default bindings for actions, an extension should call
"->bind_action" in its "init" hook for every such
binding. Doing it in the "init" hook allows users to override or
remove the binding again.
Example: the "searchable-scrollback" by default binds itself on
"Meta-s", using "$self->bind_action", which calls
"$term->bind_action".
sub init {
my ($self) = @_;
$self->bind_action ("M-s" => "%:start");
}
- $rend = $term->rstyle ([$new_rstyle])
- Return and optionally change the current rendition. Text
that is output by the terminal application will use this style.
- ($row, $col) = $term->screen_cur ([$row, $col])
- Return the current coordinates of the text cursor position
and optionally set it (which is usually bad as applications don't expect
that).
- ($row, $col) = $term->selection_mark ([$row, $col])
- ($row, $col) = $term->selection_beg ([$row, $col])
- ($row, $col) = $term->selection_end ([$row, $col])
- Return the current values of the selection mark, begin or
end positions.
When arguments are given, then the selection coordinates are set to $row and
$col, and the selection screen is set to the current screen.
- $screen = $term->selection_screen ([$screen])
- Returns the current selection screen, and then optionally
sets it.
- $term->selection_make ($eventtime[, $rectangular])
- Tries to make a selection as set by
"selection_beg" and "selection_end". If $rectangular
is true (default: false), a rectangular selection will be made. This is
the preferred function to make a selection.
- $success = $term->selection_grab ($eventtime[,
$clipboard])
- Try to acquire ownership of the primary (clipboard if
$clipboard is true) selection from the server. The corresponding text can
be set with the next method. No visual feedback will be given. This
function is mostly useful from within "on_sel_grab" hooks.
- $oldtext = $term->selection ([$newtext,
$clipboard])
- Return the current selection (clipboard if $clipboard is
true) text and optionally replace it by $newtext.
- $term->selection_clear ([$clipboard])
- Revoke ownership of the primary (clipboard if $clipboard is
true) selection.
- $term->overlay_simple ($x, $y, $text)
- Create a simple multi-line overlay box. See the next method
for details.
- $term->overlay ($x, $y, $width, $height[, $rstyle[,
$border]])
- Create a new (empty) overlay at the given position with the
given width/height. $rstyle defines the initial rendition style (default:
"OVERLAY_RSTYLE").
If $border is 2 (default), then a decorative border will be put around the
box.
If either $x or $y is negative, then this is counted from the right/bottom
side, respectively.
This method returns an urxvt::overlay object. The overlay will be visible as
long as the perl object is referenced.
The methods currently supported on "urxvt::overlay" objects
are:
- $overlay->set ($x, $y, $text[, $rend])
- Similar to "$term->ROW_t" and
"$term->ROW_r" in that it puts text in rxvt-unicode's special
encoding and an array of rendition values at a specific position inside
the overlay.
If $rend is missing, then the rendition will not be changed.
- $overlay->hide
- If visible, hide the overlay, but do not destroy it.
- $overlay->show
- If hidden, display the overlay again.
- $popup = $term->popup ($event)
- Creates a new "urxvt::popup" object that
implements a popup menu. The $event must be the event causing the
menu to pop up (a button event, currently).
- $cellwidth = $term->strwidth ($string)
- Returns the number of screen-cells this string would need.
Correctly accounts for wide and combining characters.
- $octets = $term->locale_encode ($string)
- Convert the given text string into the corresponding locale
encoding. Returns "undef" if $string is "undef".
- $string = $term->locale_decode ($octets)
- Convert the given locale-encoded octets into a perl string.
Returns "undef" if $octets is "undef".
- $term->scr_xor_span ($beg_row, $beg_col, $end_row,
$end_col[, $rstyle])
- XORs the rendition values in the given span with the
provided value (default: "RS_RVid"), which MUST NOT
contain font styles. Useful in refresh hooks to provide effects similar to
the selection.
- $term->scr_xor_rect ($beg_row, $beg_col, $end_row,
$end_col[, $rstyle1[, $rstyle2]])
- Similar to "scr_xor_span", but xors a rectangle
instead. Trailing whitespace will additionally be xored with the $rstyle2,
which defaults to "RS_RVid | RS_Uline", which removes reverse
video again and underlines it instead. Both styles MUST NOT contain
font styles.
- $term->scr_bell
- Ring the bell!
- $term->scr_add_lines ($string)
- Write the given text string to the screen, as if output by
the application running inside the terminal. It may not contain command
sequences (escape codes - see "cmd_parse" for that), but is free
to use line feeds, carriage returns and tabs. The string is a normal text
string, not in locale-dependent encoding.
Normally its not a good idea to use this function, as programs might be
confused by changes in cursor position or scrolling. Its useful inside a
"on_add_lines" hook, though.
- $term->scr_change_screen ($screen)
- Switch to given screen - 0 primary, 1 secondary.
- $term->cmd_parse ($octets)
- Similar to "scr_add_lines", but the argument must
be in the locale-specific encoding of the terminal and can contain command
sequences (escape codes) that will be interpreted.
- $term->tt_write ($octets)
- Write the octets given in $octets to the tty (i.e. as user
input to the program, see "cmd_parse" for the opposite
direction). To pass characters instead of octets, you should convert your
strings first to the locale-specific encoding using
"$term->locale_encode".
- $term->tt_write_user_input ($octets)
- Like "tt_write", but should be used when writing
strings in response to the user pressing a key, to invoke the additional
actions requested by the user for that case ("tt_write" doesn't
do that).
The typical use case would be inside "on_action" hooks.
- $term->tt_paste ($octets)
- Write the octets given in $octets to the tty as a paste,
converting NL to CR and bracketing the data with control sequences if
bracketed paste mode is set.
- $old_events = $term->pty_ev_events ([$new_events])
- Replaces the event mask of the pty watcher by the given
event mask. Can be used to suppress input and output handling to the
pty/tty. See the description of "urxvt::timer->events". Make
sure to always restore the previous value.
- $fd = $term->pty_fd
- Returns the master file descriptor for the pty in use, or
"-1" if no pty is used.
- $windowid = $term->parent
- Return the window id of the toplevel window.
- $windowid = $term->vt
- Return the window id of the terminal window.
- $term->vt_emask_add ($x_event_mask)
- Adds the specified events to the vt event mask. Useful e.g.
when you want to receive pointer events all the times:
$term->vt_emask_add (urxvt::PointerMotionMask);
- $term->set_urgency ($set)
- Enable/disable the urgency hint on the toplevel
window.
- $term->focus_in
- $term->focus_out
- $term->key_press ($state, $keycode[, $time])
- $term->key_release ($state, $keycode[, $time])
- Deliver various fake events to to terminal.
- $window_width = $term->width ([$new_value])
- $window_height = $term->height ([$new_value])
- $font_width = $term->fwidth ([$new_value])
- $font_height = $term->fheight ([$new_value])
- $font_ascent = $term->fbase ([$new_value])
- $terminal_rows = $term->nrow ([$new_value])
- $terminal_columns = $term->ncol ([$new_value])
- $has_focus = $term->focus ([$new_value])
- $is_mapped = $term->mapped ([$new_value])
- $max_scrollback = $term->saveLines ([$new_value])
- $nrow_plus_saveLines = $term->total_rows
([$new_value])
- $topmost_scrollback_row = $term->top_row
([$new_value])
- Return various integers describing terminal
characteristics. If an argument is given, changes the value and returns
the previous one.
- $x_display = $term->display_id
- Return the DISPLAY used by rxvt-unicode.
- $lc_ctype = $term->locale
- Returns the LC_CTYPE category string used by this
rxvt-unicode.
- $env = $term->env
- Returns a copy of the environment in effect for the
terminal as a hashref similar to "\%ENV".
- @envv = $term->envv
- Returns the environment as array of strings of the form
"VAR=VALUE".
- @argv = $term->argv
- Return the argument vector as this terminal, similar to
@ARGV, but includes the program name as first element.
- $modifiermask = $term->ModLevel3Mask
- $modifiermask = $term->ModMetaMask
- $modifiermask = $term->ModNumLockMask
- Return the modifier masks corresponding to the "ISO
Level 3 Shift" (often AltGr), the meta key (often Alt) and the num
lock key, if applicable.
- $screen = $term->current_screen
- Returns the currently displayed screen (0 primary, 1
secondary).
- $cursor_is_hidden = $term->hidden_cursor
- Returns whether the cursor is currently hidden or not.
- $priv_modes = $term->priv_modes
- Returns a bitset with the state of DEC private modes.
Example:
if ($term->priv_modes & urxvt::PrivMode_mouse_report) {
# mouse reporting is turned on
}
- $view_start = $term->view_start ([$newvalue])
- Returns the row number of the topmost displayed line and
changes it, if an argument is given. Values greater than or equal to 0
display the terminal contents. Lower values scroll this many lines into
the scrollback buffer.
- $term->want_refresh
- Requests a screen refresh. At the next opportunity,
rxvt-unicode will compare the on-screen display with its stored
representation. If they differ, it redraws the differences.
Used after changing terminal contents to display them.
- $term->refresh_check
- Checks if a refresh has been requested and, if so,
schedules one.
- $text = $term->ROW_t ($row_number[, $new_text[,
$start_col]])
- Returns the text of the entire row with number $row_number.
Row "$term->top_row" is the topmost terminal line, row
"$term->nrow-1" is the bottommost terminal line. Nothing will
be returned if a nonexistent line is requested.
If $new_text is specified, it will replace characters in the current line,
starting at column $start_col (default 0), which is useful to replace only
parts of a line. The font index in the rendition will automatically be
updated.
$text is in a special encoding: tabs and wide characters that use more than
one cell when displayed are padded with $urxvt::NOCHAR (chr 65535)
characters. Characters with combining characters and other characters that
do not fit into the normal text encoding will be replaced with characters
in the private use area.
You have to obey this encoding when changing text. The advantage is that
"substr" and similar functions work on screen cells and not on
characters.
The methods "$term->special_encode" and
"$term->special_decode" can be used to convert normal strings
into this encoding and vice versa.
- $rend = $term->ROW_r ($row_number[, $new_rend[,
$start_col]])
- Like "$term->ROW_t", but returns an arrayref
with rendition bitsets. Rendition bitsets contain information about
colour, font, font styles and similar information. See also
"$term->ROW_t".
When setting rendition, the font mask will be ignored.
See the section on RENDITION, above.
- $length = $term->ROW_l ($row_number[, $new_length])
- Returns the number of screen cells that are in use
("the line length"). Unlike the urxvt core, this returns
"$term->ncol" if the line is joined with the following
one.
- $bool = $term->is_longer ($row_number)
- Returns true if the row is part of a multiple-row logical
"line" (i.e. joined with the following row), which means all
characters are in use and it is continued on the next row (and possibly a
continuation of the previous row(s)).
- $line = $term->line ($row_number)
- Create and return a new "urxvt::line" object that
stores information about the logical line that row $row_number is part of.
It supports the following methods:
- $text = $line->t ([$new_text])
- Returns or replaces the full text of the line, similar to
"ROW_t"
- $rend = $line->r ([$new_rend])
- Returns or replaces the full rendition array of the line,
similar to "ROW_r"
- $length = $line->l
- Returns the length of the line in cells, similar to
"ROW_l".
- $rownum = $line->beg
- $rownum = $line->end
- Return the row number of the first/last row of the line,
respectively.
- $offset = $line->offset_of ($row, $col)
- Returns the character offset of the given row|col pair
within the logical line. Works for rows outside the line, too, and returns
corresponding offsets outside the string.
- ($row, $col) = $line->coord_of ($offset)
- Translates a string offset into terminal coordinates
again.
- $text = $term->special_encode $string
- Converts a perl string into the special encoding used by
rxvt-unicode, where one character corresponds to one screen cell. See
"$term->ROW_t" for details.
- $string = $term->special_decode $text
- Converts rxvt-unicode's text representation into a perl
string. See "$term->ROW_t" for details.
- $success = $term->grab_button ($button, $modifiermask[,
$window = $term->vt])
- $term->ungrab_button ($button, $modifiermask[, $window =
$term->vt])
- Register/unregister a synchronous button grab. See the
XGrabButton manpage.
- $success = $term->grab ($eventtime[, $sync])
- Calls XGrabPointer and XGrabKeyboard in asynchronous
(default) or synchronous ($sync is true). Also remembers the grab
timestamp.
- $term->allow_events_async
- Calls XAllowEvents with AsyncBoth for the most recent
grab.
- $term->allow_events_sync
- Calls XAllowEvents with SyncBoth for the most recent
grab.
- $term->allow_events_replay
- Calls XAllowEvents with both ReplayPointer and
ReplayKeyboard for the most recent grab.
- $term->ungrab
- Calls XUngrabPointer and XUngrabKeyboard for the most
recent grab. Is called automatically on evaluation errors, as it is better
to lose the grab in the error case as the session.
- $atom = $term->XInternAtom ($atom_name[,
$only_if_exists])
- $atom_name = $term->XGetAtomName ($atom)
- @atoms = $term->XListProperties ($window)
- ($type,$format,$octets) = $term->XGetWindowProperty
($window, $property)
- $term->XChangeProperty ($window, $property, $type,
$format, $octets)
- $term->XDeleteProperty ($window, $property)
- $window = $term->DefaultRootWindow
- $term->XReparentWindow ($window, $parent, [$x, $y])
- $term->XMapWindow ($window)
- $term->XUnmapWindow ($window)
- $term->XMoveResizeWindow ($window, $x, $y, $width,
$height)
- ($x, $y, $child_window) = $term->XTranslateCoordinates
($src, $dst, $x, $y)
- $term->XChangeInput ($window, $add_events[,
$del_events])
- $keysym = $term->XStringToKeysym ($string)
- $string = $term->XKeysymToString ($keysym)
- Various X or X-related functions. The $term object only
serves as the source of the display, otherwise those functions map
more-or-less directly onto the X functions of the same name.
- $popup->add_title ($title)
- Adds a non-clickable title to the popup.
- $popup->add_separator ([$sepchr])
- Creates a separator, optionally using the character given
as $sepchr.
- $popup->add_button ($text, $cb)
- Adds a clickable button to the popup. $cb is called
whenever it is selected.
- $popup->add_toggle ($text, $initial_value, $cb)
- Adds a toggle/checkbox item to the popup. The callback gets
called whenever it gets toggled, with a boolean indicating its new value
as its first argument.
- $popup->show
- Displays the popup (which is initially hidden).
This class implements timer watchers/events. Time is represented as a fractional
number of seconds since the epoch. Example:
$term->{overlay} = $term->overlay (-1, 0, 8, 1, urxvt::OVERLAY_RSTYLE, 0);
$term->{timer} = urxvt::timer
->new
->interval (1)
->cb (sub {
$term->{overlay}->set (0, 0,
sprintf "%2d:%02d:%02d", (localtime urxvt::NOW)[2,1,0]);
});
- $timer = new urxvt::timer
- Create a new timer object in started state. It is scheduled
to fire immediately.
- $timer = $timer->cb (sub { my ($timer) = @_; ... })
- Set the callback to be called when the timer triggers.
- $timer = $timer->set ($tstamp[, $interval])
- Set the time the event is generated to $tstamp (and
optionally specifies a new $interval).
- $timer = $timer->interval ($interval)
- By default (and when $interval is 0), the timer will
automatically stop after it has fired once. If $interval is non-zero, then
the timer is automatically rescheduled at the given intervals.
- $timer = $timer->start
- Start the timer.
- $timer = $timer->start ($tstamp[, $interval])
- Set the event trigger time to $tstamp and start the timer.
Optionally also replaces the interval.
- $timer = $timer->after ($delay[, $interval])
- Like "start", but sets the expiry timer to
c<urxvt::NOW + $delay>.
- $timer = $timer->stop
- Stop the timer.
This class implements io watchers/events. Example:
$term->{socket} = ...
$term->{iow} = urxvt::iow
->new
->fd (fileno $term->{socket})
->events (urxvt::EV_READ)
->start
->cb (sub {
my ($iow, $revents) = @_;
# $revents must be 1 here, no need to check
sysread $term->{socket}, my $buf, 8192
or end-of-file;
});
- $iow = new urxvt::iow
- Create a new io watcher object in stopped state.
- $iow = $iow->cb (sub { my ($iow, $reventmask) = @_; ...
})
- Set the callback to be called when io events are triggered.
$reventmask is a bitset as described in the "events"
method.
- $iow = $iow->fd ($fd)
- Set the file descriptor (not handle) to watch.
- $iow = $iow->events ($eventmask)
- Set the event mask to watch. The only allowed values are
"urxvt::EV_READ" and "urxvt::EV_WRITE", which might be
ORed together, or "urxvt::EV_NONE".
- $iow = $iow->start
- Start watching for requested events on the given
handle.
- $iow = $iow->stop
- Stop watching for events on the given file handle.
This class implements idle watchers, that get called automatically when the
process is idle. They should return as fast as possible, after doing some
useful work.
- $iw = new urxvt::iw
- Create a new idle watcher object in stopped state.
- $iw = $iw->cb (sub { my ($iw) = @_; ... })
- Set the callback to be called when the watcher
triggers.
- $timer = $timer->start
- Start the watcher.
- $timer = $timer->stop
- Stop the watcher.
This class implements process watchers. They create an event whenever a process
exits, after which they stop automatically.
my $pid = fork;
...
$term->{pw} = urxvt::pw
->new
->start ($pid)
->cb (sub {
my ($pw, $exit_status) = @_;
...
});
- $pw = new urxvt::pw
- Create a new process watcher in stopped state.
- $pw = $pw->cb (sub { my ($pw, $exit_status) = @_; ...
})
- Set the callback to be called when the timer triggers.
- $pw = $timer->start ($pid)
- Tells the watcher to start watching for process $pid.
- $pw = $pw->stop
- Stop the watcher.
This variable controls the verbosity level of the perl extension. Higher numbers
indicate more verbose output.
- == 0 - fatal messages only
- >= 2 - general warnings (default level)
- >= 3 - script loading and management
- >=10 - all called hooks
- >=11 - hook return values
Marc Lehmann <[email protected]>
http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/rxvt-unicode