vmstat - Report virtual memory statistics
vmstat [options] [
delay [
count]]
vmstat reports information about processes, memory, paging, block IO,
traps, disks and cpu activity.
The first report produced gives averages since the last reboot. Additional
reports give information on a sampling period of length
delay. The
process and memory reports are instantaneous in either case.
- delay
- The delay between updates in seconds. If no
delay is specified, only one report is printed with the average
values since boot.
- count
- Number of updates. In absence of count, when
delay is defined, default is infinite.
-
-a, --active
- Display active and inactive memory, given a 2.5.41 kernel
or better.
-
-f, --forks
- The -f switch displays the number of forks since
boot. This includes the fork, vfork, and clone system calls, and is
equivalent to the total number of tasks created. Each process is
represented by one or more tasks, depending on thread usage. This display
does not repeat.
-
-m, --slabs
- Displays slabinfo.
-
-n, --one-header
- Display the header only once rather than periodically.
-
-s, --stats
- Displays a table of various event counters and memory
statistics. This display does not repeat.
-
-d, --disk
- Report disk statistics (2.5.70 or above required).
-
-D, --disk-sum
- Report some summary statistics about disk activity.
-
-p, --partition device
- Detailed statistics about partition (2.5.70 or above
required).
-
-S, --unit character
- Switches outputs between 1000 (k), 1024 (K),
1000000 (m), or 1048576 (M) bytes. Note this does not change
the swap (si/so) or block (bi/bo) fields.
-
-t, --timestamp
- Append timestamp to each line
-
-w, --wide
- Wide output mode (useful for systems with higher amount of
memory, where the default output mode suffers from unwanted column
breakage). The output is wider than 80 characters per line.
-
-y, --no-first
- Omits first report with statistics since system boot.
-
-V, --version
- Display version information and exit.
-
-h, --help
- Display help and exit.
Procs
r: The number of runnable processes (running or waiting for run time).
b: The number of processes blocked waiting for I/O to complete.
Memory
These are affected by the
--unit option.
swpd: the amount of swap memory used.
free: the amount of idle memory.
buff: the amount of memory used as buffers.
cache: the amount of memory used as cache.
inact: the amount of inactive memory. ( -a option)
active: the amount of active memory. ( -a option)
Swap
These are affected by the
--unit option.
si: Amount of memory swapped in from disk (/s).
so: Amount of memory swapped to disk (/s).
IO
bi: Kibibyte received from a block device (KiB/s).
bo: Kibibyte sent to a block device (KiB/s).
System
in: The number of interrupts per second, including the clock.
cs: The number of context switches per second.
CPU
These are percentages of total CPU time.
us: Time spent running non-kernel code. (user time, including nice time)
sy: Time spent running kernel code. (system time)
id: Time spent idle. Prior to Linux 2.5.41, this includes IO-wait time.
wa: Time spent waiting for IO. Prior to Linux 2.5.41, included in idle.
st: Time stolen from a virtual machine. Prior to Linux 2.6.11, unknown.
gu: Time spent running KVM guest code (guest time, including guest nice).
Reads
total: Total reads completed successfully
merged: grouped reads (resulting in one I/O)
sectors: Sectors read successfully
ms: milliseconds spent reading
Writes
total: Total writes completed successfully
merged: grouped writes (resulting in one I/O)
sectors: Sectors written successfully
ms: milliseconds spent writing
IO
cur: I/O in progress
s: seconds spent for I/O
reads: Total number of reads issued to this partition
read sectors: Total read sectors for partition
writes : Total number of writes issued to this partition
requested writes: Total number of write requests made for partition
cache: Cache name
num: Number of currently active objects
total: Total number of available objects
size: Size of each object
pages: Number of pages with at least one active object
vmstat does not require special permissions.
These reports are intended to help identify system bottlenecks. Linux
vmstat does not count itself as a running process.
All linux blocks are currently 1024 bytes. Old kernels may report blocks as 512
bytes, 2048 bytes, or 4096 bytes.
Since procps 3.1.9, vmstat lets you choose units (k, K, m, M). Default is K
(1024 bytes) in the default mode.
vmstat uses slabinfo 1.1
/proc/meminfo
/proc/stat
/proc/*/stat
free(1),
iostat(1),
mpstat(1),
ps(1),
sar(1),
top(1)
Does not tabulate the block io per device or count the number of system calls.
Written by
Henry Ware
Fabian
Frédérick (diskstat, slab, partitions...)
Please send bug reports to
[email protected]