NAME
cdrskin - burns preformatted data to CD, DVD, and BD via libburn.SYNOPSIS
cdrskin [options|track_source_addresses]DESCRIPTION
cdrskin is a program that provides some of cdrecord's options in a compatible way for CD media. With DVD and BD it has its own ways. You do not need to be superuser for its daily usage.Overview of features:
Blanking of CD-RW and DVD-RW.General information paragraphs:
Track recording modelTrack recording model:
The input-output entities which get processed are called tracks. A track stores a stream of bytes.Write mode selection:
In general there are two approaches for writing media:Recordable CD Media:
CD-R can be initially written only once and eventually extended until they get closed (or are spoiled because they are overly full). After that they are read-only. Closing is done automatically unless option -multi is given which keeps the media appendable.Sequentially Recordable DVD or BD Media:
Currently DVD-RW, DVD-R[DL], DVD+R[DL], and BD-R can be used for the Sequential recording model. It resembles the model of CD media. Only DVD-RW can be blanked and re-used from scratch.Overwriteable DVD or BD Media:
Currently types DVD+RW, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM and BD-RE can be overwritten via cdrskin.Drive preparation and addressing:
The drives, CD, DVD, or BD burners, are accessed via addresses which are specific to libburn and the operating system. Those addresses get listed by a run of cdrskin --devices or cdrskin --device_links.Emulated drives:
Option --allow_emulated_drives enables addressing of pseudo-drives which get emulated on top of filesystem objects. Regular data files and block devices result in pseudo-drives which behave much like DVD-RAM. If the given address does not exist yet but its directory exists, then it gets created as regular file. Other file types like character devices or pipes result in pseudo-drives which behave much like blank DVD-R. The target file address is given after prefix "stdio:".OPTIONS
- --help
- Show non-cdrecord compatible options.
- -help
- Show cdrecord compatible options.
- -version
- Print cdrskin id line, compatibility lure line, libburn version, cdrskin version, version timestamp, build timestamp (if available), and then exit.
- -atip
- Retrieve some info about media state. With CD-RW print "Is erasable". With DVD media print "book type:" and a media type text. With BD media print "Mounted Media:" and media type text.
- -audio
- Announces that the subsequent tracks are to be burned as
audio. The source is supposed to be uncompressed headerless PCM, 44100 Hz,
16 bit, stereo. For little-endian byte order (which is usual on PCs) use
option -swab. Unless marked explicitly by option -data, input files with
suffix ".wav" are examined whether they have a header in MS-WAVE
format confirming those parameters and eventually raw audio data get
extracted and burned as audio track. Same is done for suffix
".au" and SUN Audio.
- blank=type
- Blank a CD-RW, DVD-RW, or format a DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM, BD. This is combinable with burning in the same run of cdrskin. The type given with blank= selects the particular behavior:
- as_needed
- Try to make the media ready for writing from scratch. If it
needs formatting, then format it. If it is not blank, then try to apply
blank=fast. It is a reason to abort if the media cannot assume thoroughly
writeable state, e.g. if it is non-blank write-once.
- The following blank types are specific to particular media familes. Use them if special features are desired.
- all
- Blank an entire CD-RW or an unformatted DVD-RW. (See also --prodvd_cli_compatible, --grow_overwriteable_iso)
- fast
- Minimally blank an entire CD-RW or blank an unformatted DVD-RW. (See also --prodvd_cli_compatible, --grow_overwriteable_iso)
- deformat_sequential
- Like blank=all but with the additional ability to blank
overwriteable DVD-RW. This will destroy their formatting and make them
sequentially recordable. Another peculiarity is the ability to blank media
which appear already blank. This is similar to option -force but does not
try to blank media other than recognizable CD-RW and DVD-RW.
- deformat_sequential_quickest
- Like blank=deformat_sequential but blanking DVD-RW only minimally. This is faster than full blanking but may yield media incapable of Incremental Streaming (-tao).
- format_if_needed
- Format a media if it is not formatted yet, and if cdrskin
supports formatting for the media type, and if formatting will not happen
automatically during write. This currently applies to unformatted DVD-RW,
DVD-RAM, BD-RE, and blank unformatted BD-R. Eventually the appropriate
default formatting is chosen. If other media or states are encountered
then nothing happens.
- format_overwrite
- Format a DVD-RW to "Restricted Overwrite". The
user should bring some patience.
- format_overwrite_quickest
- Like format_overwrite without creating a 128 MiB trailblazer session. Leads to "intermediate" state which only supports sequential write beginning from address 0. The "intermediate" state ends after the first session of writing data.
- format_overwrite_full
- For DVD-RW this is like format_overwrite but claims full
media size rather than just 128 MiB. Most traditional formatting is
attempted. No data get written. Much patience is required.
- format_defectmgt
- Format DVD-RAM or BD to reserve the default amount of spare
blocks for defect management.
- format_defectmgt_cert_off
- Disable the usual media quality certification in order to
save time and format to default size. The certification setting persists
even if subsequent blank= options override the size of the format
selection.
- format_defectmgt_cert_on
- Re-enable the usual media quality certification and format
to default size. The certification setting persists like with
format_defectmgt_cert_off.
- format_defectmgt_max
- Format DVD-RAM or BD to reserve a maximum number of spare blocks.
- format_defectmgt_min
- Format DVD-RAM or BD to reserve a minimum number of spare blocks. It might be necessary to format format_defectmgt_none first in order to get offered the most minmal spare blocks sizes for format_defectmgt_min.
- format_defectmgt_none
- Format DVD-RAM or BD-RE to the largest available payload in the hope to disable defect management at all. This may or may not have a speed increasing effect. Unformatted blank BD-R will be left unformatted.
- format_defectmgt_payload_<size>
- Format DVD-RAM or BD. The text after "format_defectmgt_payload_" gives a number of bytes, eventually with suffixes "s", "k", "m". The largest number of spare blocks will be chosen which enables at least the given payload size.
- format_by_index_<number>
- Format DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM or BD. The number after "format_by_index_" is used as index to the list of available format descriptors. This list can be obtained by option --list_formats. The numbers after text "Format idx" are the ones to be used with format_by_index_. Format descriptor lists are volatile. Do neither eject nor write the media between the run of --list_formats and the run of blank=format_by_index_ or else you may get a different format than desired.
- help
- Print this list of blanking types.
- -checkdrive
- Retrieve some info about the addressed drive and then exit. Exits with non-zero value if the drive cannot be found and opened.
- -copy
- Create the subsequent tracks with permission for an unlimited number of copies.
- cuefile=path
- Read a session description from a cue sheet file in CDRWIN
format. Base the tracks on a single file which is given in the sheet by
command FILE. To enable CD-TEXT from the cue sheet file, cdrskin option
-text has to be present.
- -dao
- Alias for option -sao. Write CD in Session at Once mode or DVD-R[W] in Disc-at-once mode.
- -data
- Subsequent tracks are data tracks. This option is default
and only needed to mark the end of the range of an eventual option -audio
or -xa1.
- -xa1
- Subsequent tracks are data tracks with input suitable for CD-ROM XA mode 2 form 1. This differs from -data input by 8 additional header bytes per block. cdrskin will not write CD-ROM XA but rather strip the header bytes and write as -data tracks.
- dev=target
- Set the address of the drive to use. Valid are at least the
addresses listed with options --devices or --device_links, X,Y,Z addresses
listed with option -scanbus, ATA:X,Y,Z addresses listed with options
dev=ATA -scanbus, and volatile libburn drive numbers (numbering starts at
"0"). Other device file addresses which lead to the same drive
might work too.
- driveropts=opt
- Set "driveropts=noburnfree" to disable the drive's eventual protection mechanism against temporary lack of source data (i.e. buffer underrun). A drive that announces no such capabilities will not get them enabled anyway, even if attempted explicitly via "driveropts=burnfree".
- -dummy
- Try to perform the drive operations without actually affecting the inserted media. There is no warranty that this will work with a particular combination of drive, media, and write mode. Blanking is prevented reliably, though. To avoid inadverted real burning, -dummy refuses burn runs on anything but CD-R[W], DVD-R[W], or emulated stdio-drives.
- -eject
- Eject the disc after work is done.
- -force
- Assume that the user knows better in situations when
cdrskin or libburn are insecure about drive or media state. This includes
the attempt to blank media which are classified as unknown or unsuitable,
and the attempt to use write modes which libburn believes they are not
supported by the drive.
- -format
- Same as blank=format_overwrite_full -force but restricted to DVD+RW.
- fs=size
- Set the fifo size to the given value. The value may have
appended letters which multiply the preceding number:
- gracetime=seconds
- Set the grace time before starting to write. (Default is 0)
- -immed
- Equivalent to:
- index=list
- Set a comma separated list of index start address numbers
for the next track. This applies to CD SAO sessions only.
Sector = ((Min*60)+Sec)*75+Frame
- -inq
- Print the identification of the drive and then exit.
- -isosize
- The next track following this option will try to obtain its
source size from the header information out of the first few blocks of the
source data. If these blocks indicate an ISO-9660 filesystem then its
declared size will be used under the assumption that it is a single
session filesystem.
- isrc=text
- Set the ISRC for the next track source to the given text,
which must be exactly 13 characters long. It must comply to the format
CCOOOYYSSSSS.
- -load
- Load the media and exit. Exit value is 0 if any kind of media was found, non zero else. Note: Option -eject will unload the media even if -load is given.
- -lock
- Like option -load but leave the drive's eject button
disabled if there is any media found and not option -eject is given.
- mcn=text
- Set the CD Media Catalog Number to text, which must be
exactly 13 characters long and should consist of decimal digits.
- minbuf=percentage
- Equivalent to:
- -minfo
- Print information about the loaded media. This includes media type, writability state, and a quite readable table of content.
- msifile=path
- Run option -msinfo and copy the result line into the file
given by path. Unlike -msinfo this option does not redirect all normal
output away from standard output. But it may be combined with -msinfo to
achieve this.
- -msinfo
- Retrieve multi-session info for preparing a follow-up
session by option -C of programs mkisofs, genisoimage, or xorriso -as
mkisofs. Print result to standard output. This option redirects to stderr
all message output except the one of option --tell_media_space and its own
result string, which consists of two numbers. The result string shall be
used as argument of option -C with said programs. It gives the start
address of the most recent session and the predicted start address of the
next session to be appended. The string is empty if the most recent
session was not written with option -multi.
- -multi
- This option keeps CD, unformatted DVD-R[W], DVD+R, or BD-R
appendable after the current session has been written. Without it the disc
gets closed and may not be written any more - unless it is a -RW and gets
blanked which causes loss of its content.
- -nocopy
- Create subsequent tracks with permission for a single level of copies. I.e. those copies would then be marked by -scms as offering no permission for further copies.
- -nopad
- Do not add trailing zeros to the data stream. Nevertheless, since there seems to be no use for audio tracks with incomplete last sector, this option applies only to data tracks. There it is default.
- -nopreemp
- Indicate for subsequent tracks that they were mastered without pre-emphasis.
- -pad
- Add 30 kiB of trailing zeros to each data track. (This is not sufficient to avoid problems with various CD-ROM read drivers.)
- padsize=size
- Add the given amount of trailing zeros to the next data track. This option gets reset to padsize=0 after that next track is written. It may be set again before the next track argument. About size specifiers, see option fs=.
- -preemp
- Indicate for subsequent tracks that they were mastered with pre-emphasis.
- -sao
- Write CD in Session At Once mode or sequential DVD-R[W] in
Disc-at-once (DAO) mode.
- -scanbus
- Scan the system for drives. On Linux the drives at /dev/s*
and at /dev/hd* are to be scanned by two separate runs. One without dev=
for /dev/s* and one with dev=ATA for /dev/hd* devices. (Option --drives
lists all available drives in a single run.)
- -scms
- Create subsequent tracks without permission for being
copied. This is usually done for tracks which are copies of tracks that
were marked with -nocopy (but not yet with -scms). So copies of copies are
prohibited.
- speed=number
- Set speed of drive. With data CD, 1x speed corresponds to a
throughput of 153,600 bytes/second. With DVD, 1x = 1,385,000 bytes/second.
With BD 1x = 4,495,625 bytes/second. It is not an error to set a speed
higher than is suitable for drive and media. One should stay within a
realistic speed range, though. Special speed settings are:
- -swab
- Announce that the raw audio data source of subsequent tracks is byte swapped versus the expectations of cdrecord. This option is suitable for audio where the least significant byte of a 16 bit word is first (little-endian, Intel). Most raw audio data on PC systems are available in this byte order. Less guesswork is needed if track sources are in format MS-WAVE in a file with suffix ".wav".
- -tao
- Write CD in Track At Once (TAO) mode, sequential DVD-R[W]
in Incremental Streaming mode, or DVD+R[/DL] without traditional -sao
restrictions. This mode also applies pro-forma to overwriteable media
- -text
- Enable writing of CD-TEXT attributes read by option cuefile=. Without option -text, cue sheet file command CDTEXTFILE will be ignored and no CD-TEXT attributes will be read from the file. Nevertheless, CATALOG and ISRC will have the same effect as options mcn= and isrc=.
- textfile=path
- Read CD-TEXT packs from the file depicted by path and put
them into the Lead-in of the emerging session. This session has to be done
by Session At Once (SAO) mode and may only contain audio tracks.
- -toc
- Print the table of content (TOC) which describes the tracks
recorded on disc. The output contains all info from option -atip plus
lines which begin with "track:", the track number, the word
"lba:" and a number which gives the start address of the track.
Addresses are counted in CD sectors which with SAO or TAO data tracks hold
2048 bytes each.
- Example. Retrieve an afio archive from track number 2:
-
- tsize=size
- Announces the exact size of the next track source. This is
necessary with any write mode other than -tao if the track source is not a
regular disk file, but e.g. "-" (standard input) or a named
pipe. About size specifiers, see option fs=.
- -v
- Increment verbosity level by one. Startlevel is 0 with only few messages. Level 1 prints progress report with long running operations and also causes some extra lines to be put out with info retrieval options. Level 2 additionally reports about option settings derived from arguments or startup files. Level 3 is for debugging and useful mainly in conjunction with somebody who had a look into the program sourcecode.
- -V
- Enable logging of SCSI commands to stderr. This is helpful for expert examination of the interaction between libburn and the drive. The commands are specified in SCSI-3 standards SPC, SBC, MMC.
- -waiti
- Wait until input data is available at stdin or EOF occurs
at stdin. Only then begin to access any drives.
- --adjust_speed_to_drive
- Curb explicitly given speed= values to the maximum which is announced by the drive for the loaded media. By default, such an adjustment is only made with pseudo-speeds 0 and -1 whereas speed settings > 0 are sent unchanged to the drive which will then choose an appropriate speed on its own.
- --allow_emulated_drives
- Enable drive addresses of the form dev=stdio:<path>. See above, paragraph "Drive preparation and addressing".
- --allow_setuid
- Disable the loud warning about insecure discrepance between login user and effective user which indicates application of chmod u+s to the program binary. One should not do this chmod u+s , but it is an old cdrecord tradition.
- --any_track
- Allow source_addresses to begin with "-" (plus further characters) or to contain a "=" character. By default such arguments are seen as misspelled options. It is nevertheless not possible to use one of the options listed with --list_ignored_options.
- assert_write_lba=block_number|byte_address
- Abort if the write address given with this option is not
the same as predicted immediately before the write session starts. This
option can ensure that a start address which was presumed by a formatter
like mkisofs -C is really used by the drive for writing.
assert_write_lba=0 effectively demands blank media and excludes
appendables.
- cd_start_tno=number
- Set the number which shall be written as CD track number
with the first track of the session. The following tracks will then get
written with consecutive CD track numbers. The resulting number of the
last track must not exceed 99. The lowest possible start number is 1,
which is also the default.
- cdtext_to_textfile=path
- Extract the CD-TEXT packs from the lead-in of an audio CD
and write them to the file with the given path. If CD-TEXT can be
retrieved, then this file will be suitable for option textfile=.
- cdtext_to_v07t=path
- Extract the CD-TEXT packs from the lead-in of an audio CD
and write them as human readable Sony Input Sheet Version 0.7T to the file
with the given path. If CD-TEXT can be retrieved, then this file will be
suitable for option input_sheet_v07t=.
- --demand_a_drive
- Exit with a nonzero value if no drive can be found during a bus scan.
- --devices
- List the device file addresses of all accessible CD drives.
In order to get listed, a drive has to offer rw-permission for the cdrskin
user and it may not be busy. The superuser should be able to see all idle
drives listed and busy drives reported as "SORRY" messages.
- --device_links
- Like --devices, but presenting the drives with addresses of
symbolic links which point to the actual device files.
- direct_write_amount=size
- Do not write a session with tracks but rather make an
appropriate number of direct write operations with no preparations.
Flushing the drive buffer will be the only finalization. It is advised to
eject the media afterwards because the write operations circumvent the
usual system i/o with its caches and buffers. By ejecting, those invalid
memory copies get surely discarded.
- dvd_obs=default|32k|64k
- Set the number of bytes to be transmitted with each write operation to DVD or BD media. With most write types, tracks get padded up to the next multiple of this write size (see option --obs_pad). A number of 64 KB may improve throughput with systems which show latency problems. The default depends on media type, option stream_recording=, and on compile time options.
- extract_audio_to=directory_path
- Extract tracks from an audio CD as separate WAVE audio
files into the given directory. This directory has to already exist, but
none of the track files may exist. This option will rather fail than
overwrite an existing file.
- extract_basename=name
- Set a filename which shall be used by extract_audio_to= instead of the default name "track".
- --extract_dap
- Enable Digital Audio Play flaw obscuring mechanisms like audio data mute and interpolate.
- extract_tracks=number[,number[,...]]
- Set a list of track numbers to define which tracks shall be
extracted by extract_audio_to=. If no extract_tracks= is given, then all
audio tracks get extracted. It is permissible to have more than one
extract_tracks= option in order to split a long list into shorter pieces.
- fallback_program=command
- Set a command name to be executed if cdrskin encounters a
known cdrecord option which it does not yet support. If a non-empty
command is given with fallback_program=, and if no essential options are
given which are specific to cdrskin, then cdrskin will delegate the job to
said command.
- --four_channel
- Indicate for subsequent tracks that they were mastered with four channels.
- fifo_start_at=size
- Do not wait for full fifo but start burning as soon as the given number of bytes is read. This option may be helpful to bring the average throughput near to the maximum throughput of a drive. A large fs= and a small fifo_start_at= combine a quick burn start and a large savings buffer to compensate for temporary lack of source data. At the beginning of burning, the software protection against buffer underrun is as weak as the size of fifo_start_at= . So it is best if the drive offers hardware protection which is enabled automatically if not driveropts=noburnfree is given.
- --grow_overwriteable_iso
- Enable emulation of multi-session writing on overwriteable
media which contain an ISO-9660 filesystem. This emulation is learned from
growisofs -M but adapted to the usage model of
- input_sheet_v07t=path
- Read CD-TEXT definitions from a Sony Input Sheet version
0.7T. Up to eight or seven such sheets can be read by multiple
input_sheet_v07t= options. Each will define one CD-TEXT language block.
Input Sheet Version = 0.7T
purpose specifier [whitespace] = [whitespace] content text
Purpose specifier | Content example
-------------------------------------------------------------
Text Code = 8859
Language Code = English
Album Title = Joyful Nights
Artist Name = United Cat Orchestra
Songwriter = Various Songwriters
Composer = Various Composers
Arranger = Tom Cat
Album Message = For all our fans
Catalog Number = 1234567890
Genre Code = Classical
Genre Information = Feline classic music
Closed Information = This is not to be shown by CD players
UPC / EAN = 1234567890123
Text Data Copy Protection = OFF
First Track Number = 1
Last Track Number = 3
Purpose specifier | Content example
-------------------------------------------------------------
Track 01 Title = Song of Joy
Track 01 Artist = Felix and The Purrs
Track 01 Songwriter = Friedrich Schiller
Track 01 Composer = Ludwig van Beethoven
Track 01 Arranger = Tom Cat
Track 01 Message = Fritz and Louie once were punks
ISRC 01 = XYCRR1101234
- --list_formats
- List the available format descriptors as reported by the
drive for the loaded media. Each descriptor line begins with "Format
idx" and the descriptor's list index, followed by a ":",
the format type, the number of payload blocks and that same number
converted to MiB.
- --list_ignored_options
- List all ignored cdrecord options. The "-" options cannot be used as addresses of track sources. No track source address may begin with a text equal to an option which ends by "=". The list is ended by an empty line.
- --list_speeds
- Put out a list of speed values as reported by the output
drive with the loaded medium. This does not necessarily mean that the
medium is writable or that these speeds are actually achievable.
Especially the lists reported with empty drive or with ROM media obviously
advertise speeds for other media.
- --long_toc
- Like option -toc but marking each session start by a line "first: X last: Y" and each session end by "track:lout ...".
- --no_load
- When aquiring the optical drive, do not try to load its tray. This yields the same behavior for desktop drives with tray loader as is shown by laptop drives which usually lack a motorized tray loader.
- --no_rc
- Only if used as first command line argument this option prevents reading and interpretation of eventual startup files. See section FILES below.
- --pacifier_with_newline
- Adds a newline character to each pacifier line that would elsewise be overwritten by the next pacifier line. Such lines are emitted during a run of writing, formatting, or blanking if option -v is given.
- --prodvd_cli_compatible
- Activates behavior modifications with some DVD situations
which bring cdrskin nearer to the behavior of cdrecord-ProDVD:
- --single_track
- Accept only the last argument of the command line as track source address.
- stdio_sync=on|off|number
- Set the number of bytes after which to force output to drives with prefix "stdio:". This forcing keeps the memory from being clogged with lots of pending data for slow devices. Default "on" is the same as "16m". Forced output can be disabled by "off".
- stream_recording=on|off|number
- By setting "on" request that compliance to the
desired speed setting is preferred over management of write errors. With
DVD-RAM and BD this can bring effective write speed near to the nominal
write speed of the media. But it will also disable the automatic use of
replacement blocks if write errors occur. It might as well be disliked or
ignored by the drive.
- tao_to_sao_tsize=size
- Set an exact fixed size for the next track to be in effect
only if the track source cannot deliver a size prediction and no tsize=
was specified and an exact track size prediction is demanded by the write
mode.
- --tell_media_space
- Prepare a recording session, do not perform it but rather
inquire the maximum number of 2048 byte data blocks which may be written
in the current state of media with the prepared setup. So this option
disables recording of data. It does not disable blanking, though, and will
measure space afterwards.
- textfile_to_v07t=path
- Read a CD-TEXT pack file (e.g. cdtext.dat from a run with
-v -v -toc) and print its content in the human readable format that is
described with option input_sheet_v07t=.
cdrskin textfile_to_v07t=cdtext.dat | grep -v '^cdrskin'
- --two_channel
- Indicate for subsequent tracks that they were mastered with two channels.
- write_start_address=byte_offset
- Set the address on media where to start writing the track.
With DVD+RW, DVD-RAM or BD-RE byte_offset must be aligned to 2 kiB blocks,
but better is 32 kiB. With DVD-RW 32 kiB alignment is mandatory.
- modesty_on_drive=<mode>[:parameter=<value>[:parameter=<value>...]]
- Mode 1 keeps the program from trying to write to the burner
drive while its buffer is in danger to be filled by more than parameter
"max_percent". If this filling is exceeded then the program will
wait until the filling is at most the value of parameter
"min_percent".
0:min_percent=65:max_percent=95:timeout_sec=120:
min_usec=10000:max_usec=100000
min_percent=90:max_percent=95:min_usec=5000:max_usec=25000
- --abort_handler
- Establish default signal handling not to leave a drive in busy state but rather to shut it down and to wait until it has ended the final operations. This option is only needed for revoking eventual --ignore_signals or --no_abort_handler.
- --allow_untested_media
- Enable the use of media profiles which have been
implemented but not yet tested. Currently this option is without effect
because no media types are under test reservation.
- --cdtext_dummy
- Prepare a burn run, report the effective array of CD-TEXT
packs to stdout, and then end the program run without starting to burn the
session. A blank CD-R or CD-RW has to be present in the drive,
nevertheless.
- --cdtext_verbose
- Like --cdtext_dummy but without preventing the burn run. Combinable with option -dummy to exercise a CD burn run with no persistent impact on the medium.
- dev_translation=<sep><from><sep><to>
- Set drive address alias. This was necessary before
cdrskin-0.2.4 to manually translate cdrecord addresses into cdrskin
addresses.
- --drive_abort_on_busy
- Linux specific: Abort process if a busy drive is encountered.
- --drive_blocking
- Linux specific: Try to wait for a busy drive to become free. This is not guaranteed to work with all drivers. Some need nonblocking i/o.
- --drive_f_setlk
- Linux specific: Try to get exclusive lock on drive device file via fcntl(2).
- --drive_not_exclusive
- Linux specific: Combine --drive_not_f_setlk and --drive_not_o_excl.
- --drive_not_f_setlk
- Linux specific: Do not try to get exclusive lock on drive device file via fcntl(2).
- --drive_not_o_excl
- Linux specific: Do not ask the operating system to prevent opening busy drives. Whether this leads to senseful behavior depends on operating system and kernel.
- drive_scsi_dev_family=sr|scd|sg
- Linux specific: Select a SCSI device file family to be
scanned for by options --devices, --device_links and -scanbus. Normally
this is /dev/sgN on kernel versions < 2.6 and /dev/srN on kernels >=
2.6 . This option explicitly overrides that default in order to meet other
programs at a common device file for each drive. On kernel 2.4 families sr
and scd will find no drives.
- --drive_scsi_exclusive
- Linux specific: Try to exclusively reserve device files /dev/srN, /dev/scdM, /dev/sgK of drives. This would be helpful to protect against collisions with program growisofs. Regrettably on Linux kernel 2.4 with ide-scsi emulation this seems not to work. Whether it becomes helpful with new Linux systems has to be evaluated.
- --fifo_disable
- Disable fifo despite any fs=.
- --fifo_per_track
- Use a separate fifo for each track.
- --fill_up_media
- Expand the last track of the session to occupy all
remaining free space on the media.
- grab_drive_and_wait=seconds
- Open the addressed drive, wait the given number of seconds, release the drive, and do normal work as indicated by the other options used. This option helps to explore the program behavior when faced with busy drives. Just start a second cdrskin with option --devices while grab_drive_and_wait= is still active.
- --ignore_signals
- Try to ignore any signals rather than to abort the program. This is not a very good idea. You might end up waiting a very long time for cdrskin to finish.
- --list_features
- List the SCSI/MMC features which were obtained from the
drive when it was last acquired or re-assessed. Although this is better
readable than the raw reply to SCSI command GET CONFIGURATION, the MMC
specification text is still needed for interpreting it.
Code +/- : Name : Version,P/N
Raw feature data bytes as hex numbers
Parsed info as Name=Value pairs
0107 - : Real Time Streaming : 4,N
1f 00 00 00
RBCB=1 , SCS=1 , MP2A=1 , WSPD=1 , SW=1
- --no_abort_handler
- On signals exit even if the drive is in busy state. This is not a very good idea. You might end up with a stuck drive that refuses to hand out the media.
- --no_blank_appendable
- Refuse to blank appendable CD-RW or DVD-RW. This is a feature that was once builtin with libburn. No information available for what use case it was needed.
- --no_convert_fs_adr
- Do only literal translations of dev=. This prevents cdrskin
from test-opening device files in order to find one that matches the given
dev= specifier.
- --obs_pad
- Pad the data of last write operation of a DVD-R[W] DAO
session or stdio: pseudo-drive up to the full size of an output chunk.
This padding has to be applied automatically to the other DVD and BD media
types, where it causes e.g. ISO images to have trailing unclaimed blocks.
- --old_pseudo_scsi_adr
- Linux specific: Use and report literal Bus,Target,Lun addresses rather than real SCSI and pseudo ATA addresses. This method is outdated and was never compatible with original cdrecord.
- sao_postgap=off|number
- Define whether a post-gap shall be written at the end of
the track and how many sectors this gap shall have. A post-gap occupies
the range of an additional index of the track. It contains zeros. No bytes
from the track source will be read for writing the post-gap.
- sao_pregap=off|number
- Define whether a pre-gap shall be written before the track
and how many sectors this pre-gap shall have. A pre-gap is written in the
range of track index 0 and contains zeros. No bytes from the track source
will be read for writing the pre-gap.
- use_immed_bit=on|off|default
- Control whether several long lasting SCSI commands shall be
executed with the Immed bit, which makes the commands end early while the
drive operation is still going on. cdrskin then inquires progress
indication until the drive reports to be ready again. If this feature is
turned off, then blanking and formatting will show no progress indication.
- --xa1-ignore
- Silently interpret option -xa1 as -data. This may be necessary if a frontend does not prepare -xa1 block headers but insists in using option -xa1.
EXAMPLES
Get an overview of drives and their addresses:
cdrskin -scanbusGet info about a particular drive or loaded media:
cdrskin dev=0,1,0 -checkdrivePrepare CD-RW or DVD-RW for re-use, DVD-RAM or BD-RE for first use:
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sg1 blank=as_needed -ejectFormat DVD-RW to avoid need for blanking before re-use:
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=format_overwriteDe-format DVD-RW to make it capable of multi-session again:
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=deformat_sequentialWrite ISO-9660 filesystem image as only one to blank or formatted media:
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/hdc speed=12 fs=8m \blank=as_needed -eject padsize=300k my_image.iso
Write compressed afio archive on-the-fly (not possible with minimally blanked DVD-RW or DVD-R DL):
find . | afio -oZ - | \blank=as_needed padsize=300k -
Write multi-session to the same CD, DVD-R[W], DVD+R[/DL], or BD-R:
cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -v padsize=300k -multi 1.isoGet multi-session info for option -C of program mkisofs:
c_values=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -msinfo 2>/dev/null)Inquire free space on media for a -multi run:
x=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -multi \--tell_media_space 2>/dev/null)
Write audio tracks and CD-TEXT to CD:
cdrskin -v dev=ATA:1,0,0 speed=48 -sao \input_sheet_v07t=cdtext.v07t \
track1.wav track2.au -audio -swab track3.raw
Extract audio tracks and CD-TEXT from CD into directory /home/me/my_cd:
mkdir /home/me/my_cdcdtext_to_v07t=/home/me/my_cd/cdtext.v07t
FILES
Startup files:
If not --no_rc is given as the first argument then cdrskin attempts on startup to read the arguments from the following files: /etc/default/cdrskinDisabling superuser safety precautions:
The superuser is normally banned from using any other emulated drive but /dev/null. This ban can be lifted by the existence of file /root/cdrskin_permissions/allow_emulated_drives where the directory must be owned by the superuser and must not offer w-permissions for group or others.SEE ALSO
- Formatting data track sources for cdrskin:
-
- Other CD/DVD/BD burn programs:
-
- For DVD/BD burning (also tutor of libburn's DVD/BD capabilities):
-
AUTHOR
cdrskin was written by Thomas Schmitt <[email protected]>. This manual page was started by George Danchev <[email protected]> and is now maintained by Thomas Schmitt.Version 1.5.4, Jan 30, 2021 |